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AP COMPARITIVE POLITICS > Unit 1- Advanced Democracies > Flashcards

Unit 1- Advanced Democracies Flashcards

1
Q

Post-industrialism

A

majority of people emplyed in the service sector

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2
Q

Rational-legal authority

A

a system of well-established laws and procedures

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3
Q

Magna Carta

A

1215 CE document signed by King John in which he agreed to consult nobles before he made important political decisions. Forms basis of limited government in Britain

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4
Q

The Bill of Rights

A

enumerates right retained by Parliament. signed by William and Marry

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5
Q

Common law

A

based on local customs and precedent rather than formal legal codes

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6
Q

Thatcherism

A

conservative, capitalist backlash against the welfare state led by Margaret Thatcher

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7
Q

Insularity

A

feeling of being seperate from the continent of Europe

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8
Q

Noblesse oblige

A

the duty of the upper classes to take responsibility for the welfare of the lower classes

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9
Q

MModernism

A

a set of values that comes along with industrialization. Includes secularism, rationalism, materialism, etc.

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10
Q

Great Reform Act of 1832

A

300k more men gained right to vote and House of Commons gained power in relation to House of Lords

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11
Q

Reform Act of 1867

A

electorate reached 3 million as many working people were enfranchised

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12
Q

Representation of the People Act of 1884

A

electorate was further expended so that the majority of voters were working class

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13
Q

Representation of the People Act of 1918

A

Women’s suffrage

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14
Q

Effect of gradual inclusion of working classes in political process on Marxism in Britain?

A

Marxism did not take root in Britain as it did in many other European countries where the middle and lower classes had less political rights.

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15
Q

Labour Party

A

created in 1906 to represent the rights of newly-enfranchised working men

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16
Q

Conservative Party

A

drew most of its members from middle-class merchants and businessmen.

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17
Q

Trade Union Council

A

a coalition of trade unions that has been a major force in British politics

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18
Q

Beveridge Report

A

provided for a social insurance program that made all citizens eligible for health, unemployment, pensions, and other benefits

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19
Q

Neoliberalism

A

the revival of classical liberal values that support low levels of government regulation, taxation, and social expenditures and the protection of individual property rights

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20
Q

Third Way

A

proposed by Tony Blair. “New” Labour as centrist alternative to the left-wing “Old” Labour and the right-wing Conservatives

21
Q

Muslims in Britain

A

Problems for Britain:

  • Existence of distinct minority/majority cleavages
  • British Muslims are poorer than non-Muslims and American Muslims
  • British involvement in the Iraq War
  • Lack of integration of minorities
22
Q

Traditional British Civic (Political) Culture

A

trust, deference to authority and competence, pragmatism, and harmony

23
Q

Modern Changes to British Political Beliefs

A

Decreasing support for labor unions

Increased violence regarding Northern Ireland

Thatcherism (growing acceptance of individualism over egalitarianism and noblesse oblige)

Third Way

Protests over Iraq War from within Government

24
Q

Social Class and Political Parties

A

Labour performs well among the working class. Conservatives perform well among middle class. Lib Dems span all classes. The tie between social class and political affiliation is less rigid than it once was.

25
Q

Regional factors and Voting Behavior

A

Labour does well in urban and industrial areas and in Scotland and Wales.

Conservatives win mostly in England and especially in rural and suburban areas.

26
Q

Parliamentary

A

the prime minister and cabinet ministers are members of the legislature in Britain

27
Q

Caucuses

A

meetings of people from the same area or of like mind

28
Q

Origins of Whig and Tory

A

Tories supported Charles II, while Whigs opposed him.

Whigs became the the Liberal Party and the Tories became the Conservative Party.

29
Q

Hung Parliament

A

parliament in which no party gains a majority and a coalition government is formed

30
Q

Clause 4

A

part of Labour Party constitution that called for the nationalization of the “commanding heights” of British industry. Removed in the 90’s

31
Q

Wings of Conservative Party

A

Traditional wing (one-nation Tories)

Thatcherite wing

32
Q

One-Nation Tories

A

values noblesse oblige and wants the country ruled by elite that take everbody’s interests into account before making decisions. generally support British membership in EU

33
Q

Thatcherite Wing

A

want to roll back government controls and move to a full free market. euroskeptics

34
Q

Quagos

A

Quasi-autonomous non-governmental organizations. Policy advisory boards appoint by the government. Heavily influential interest groups.

35
Q

Vote of No Confidence

A

vote on a key issue that, if lost, results in a dissolution of the government and new elections

36
Q

Parliamentary sovereignty

A

ideal that parliaments decisions are final

37
Q

Big Society

A

Cameron’s vision for a British future that emphasizes greater roles for private companies, charities, and cooperatives.

38
Q

Organizations under the UN

A

World Bank, International Court of Justice, UNESCO

39
Q

Examples of Regional Organizations

A

EU, NATO, Arab League, Organization of American States, Organization for African Unity

40
Q

Evolution of European Union

A

European Economic Community (focused on trade issues - tariffs)

European Community added focus to atomic energy and nuclear policy

European Union

41
Q

Major EU bodies

A

The Commission

The Council of Ministers

European Court of Justice

European Parliament

42
Q

Commission

A

28 member body (1 from each country). Main responsibility is to initiate and implement new programs, and executes EU law.

43
Q

Council of Ministers

A

consists of foreign ministers, finance ministers, the president of France, and all member prime ministers. It is the Council of Ministers that passes legislation (proportional voting priveleges)

44
Q

European Parliament

A

directly elected by people; smaller member-states have dispraportionately greater representation; growing power in EU government

45
Q

European COurt of Justice

A

Supreme Court of the EU; has power of judicial review; settles disputes among member-states

46
Q

Focuses of EU Policy

A

Creating and maintaining a single internal, free market

Union of monetary policy (common currency)

Common agricultural policy through farm subsidies

Common defense

47
Q

Lisbon Treaty provisions

A

Strengthens EU Parliament

Grater involvement of national parliaments

Withdrawal from EU

Permanent President of EU

Charter of Fundamental Rights

48
Q

Democratic deficit

A

the loss of direct control of political decisions by the people

AP COMPARITIVE POLITICS (3 decks)

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