Unit 1 - Acids and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pH of a substance tell you?

What range of numbers does the pH scale span?

A

How acidic or alkaline a substance is (the pH of the substance)

The pH scale is continuous range that stretches from below 0 to above 14.

Most common pH values occur between 0 and 14.

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2
Q

What word is used to describe chemical with a pH of

a. Less than 7
b. exactly 7
c. More than 7

A

Acids
Neutral
Bases

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3
Q

What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

A

Substances that can react with acids and neutralise them to make a salt and water are called bases.

Bases that dissolve in water are called alkalis.

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4
Q

How are acids and alkalis formed?

A

An alkaline solution can be formed when a metal oxide is dissolved in water.

An acidic solution can be formed when a non-metal oxide is dissolved in water.

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5
Q

The data booklet has a table of solubilities on page 8. What type of chemicals would have no effect on pH?

A

Insoluble substances will have no effect on pH.

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6
Q

Acidic and alkaline solutions can conduct electricity because they have ions that are free to carry charge.

What ion do all acids contain?

A

Hydrogen ion

H+

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7
Q

Which acids are the following formulae representing?

HCl
H2SO4
HNO3

A

Hydrochloric Acid
Sulfuric Acid
Nitric Acid

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8
Q

Acidic and alkaline solutions can conduct electricity because they have ions that are free to carry charge.

What ion do all alkalis contain?

A

Hydroxide Ion

OH-

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9
Q

Describe how the concentration of H+ ions and pH changes when an acid is diluted.

A

When an acid is diluted the concentration of H+ ions is decreased and the pH increases towards 7.

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10
Q

Describe how the concentration of OH- ions and pH changes when an alkali is diluted.

A

When an alkali is diluted the concentration of OH- ions is decreased and the pH decreases towards 7.

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11
Q

How does the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+(aq)) compare to the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-(aq)) in water and neutral solutions?

A

In water and neutral solutions, the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+(aq)) is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-(aq)) .

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12
Q

How does the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+(aq)) compare to the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-(aq)) in an alkaline solution,

A

In alkaline solutions, the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-(aq) is greater than the hydrogen ion (H+(aq)) concentration.

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