Unit 1 Flashcards
Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome
Alarm Stage
Resistance/adaptation Stage
Exhaustion Stage
Alarm stage (GAS)
Stress triggers Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis
Sympathetic nervous system activated
Arousal of body defenses
Resistance/adaptation stage (GAS)
Begins with adrenal hormones release
Mobilization- fight or flight!
If adaptation successful then exhaustion stage either doesn’t happen or is delayed
Exhaustion stage (GAS)
Allostatic overload!
Occurs if stress continues and adaptation isn’t successful
Can lead to stress related disorders
Primary appraisal of an event
Judges situation being either
Irrelevant
Benign or positive
Secondary appraisal of an event
Assessment of skills, resources and knowledge to deal with situation
COPING STRATEGIES
What determines adaptation response to stress?
Interaction between primary appraisals an secondary appraisals
Adapt or maladapt
Peplau’s four levels of anxiety
Mild: Not really an issue
Moderate: perceptual field diminishes
Severe: Perceptual field so diminished that one only concentrates on one detail only or many extraneous details
Panic: Bad
Behavioral adaption responses to anxiety for Mild and Moderate levels
Eating/drinking/sleeping
Exercise
Smoking
Seeking support from people
DEFENSE MECHANISMS:
- Compensation
- Denial
- Isolation
- Projection
- Regression
- Repression
Psychological adaption responses to anxiety for moderate to severe
Can contribute to migraines, IBS, arrhythmias
Severe anxiety can lead to anxiety disorders, somatic symptom disorders, and dissociative disorders over time.
Extended periods of panic level of anxiety can lead to:
Psychotic behavior:
Schizophrenia
Delusional disorders
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’s five stages of GRIEF
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
