Unit 1

Question 1

Key principles of the Particle Model

Answer 1

All matter is made up of particles

The particles are attracted to one another

Question 2

Features of the particle arrangement in liquids

Answer 2

particles are in an irregular arrangement
Particles are touching
Particles have relatively strong forces of attraction
Particles can move past eachother

Question 3

Features of the particle arrangement in gases

Answer 3

Particles are far apart from one another
Particles collide with each other
Particles have weak forces of attraction
Particles move freely and randomly

Question 4

Properties of solids, liquids and gases

Answer 4

Solids: Fixed volume and shape
Liquids: Fixed volume, takes shape of container
Gases: No fixed volume or shape

Question 5

Names for the changes of state

Answer 5

Solid to liquid - Melting
Liquid to gas - Evaporation
Gas to liquid - Condensation
Liquid to solid - Freezing

Question 6

The factors affecting the pressure of a gas

Answer 6

Temperature and Volume

Question 7

Definition of impure substance (or mixture)

Answer 7

A substance containing more than one type of atom or molecule, not chemically bonded.

Question 8

Method for separating different solutes from a solution

Answer 8

Paper Chromatography

Question 9

Equipment for chromatography

Answer 9

Beaker, pencil, ruler, chromatography paper

Question 10

The name for substances which pass through filter paper

Answer 10

Filtrate

Question 11

The purpose of a condenser in distillation

Answer 11

To cool vapour and turn it from gas to liquid

Question 12

Masses of subatomic particles

Answer 12

Proton: 1 Neutron: 1 Electron: 1/1836

Question 13

Atomic Number

Answer 13

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 14

Mass Number

Answer 14

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 15

Rules for writing electronic configurations

Answer 15

Maximum 2 in level 1, 8 in level 2, 8 in level 3

Fill the lowest energy levels first

Question 16

How Group number links to electronic configuration

Answer 16

The last digit tells you the number of electrons in the highest energy level

Question 17

How Period number links to electronic configuration

Answer 17

The number tells you the number of electron levels which are occupied

Question 18

Definition of element

Answer 18

A substance containing only one type of atom

Question 19

Definition of isotope

Answer 19

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 20

Charges on subatomic particles

Answer 20

Proton: + Electron: - Neutron: neutral

Question 21

The name for substances left in filter paper

Answer 21

Residue

Question 22

Equation to calculate Rf

Answer 22

Distance travelled by substance ÷ distance travelled by solvent

Question 23

Equipment for distillation

Answer 23

Round-bottomed flask, condenser, beaker, thermometer, heater

Question 24

Equipment for filtration

Answer 24

Conical flask, Filter Paper, Funnel

Question 25

Definition of pure substance

Answer 25

A substance composed of only one type of atom or molecule.

Question 26

Factors affecting rate of particle diffusion

Answer 26

Mass of particles (the higher the mass, the slower the diffusion rate)
Temperature (the higher the temperature, the faster the diffusion rate)

Question 27

Features of the particle arrangement in solids

Answer 27

Particles are in a regular arrangement
Particles are touching
Particles have strong forces of attraction
Particles cannot move past each other