Unit 1-9 Flashcards
Claims, Reasoning, Evidence
Rhetorical situation
refers to exigence,
purpose, audience, writer, context, and message
Exigence
what prompts/inspires the writing
Defensible Claim
Claims that are not solely fact and can be defended.
Evidence
May include facts, anecdotes, analogies, stats, examples, etc., and should be strategically embedded.
Audience
Influences the choices writers make in terms of persuasion methods.
Thesis
The overarching claim a writer wants to prove with reasoning and evidence.
Writer’s Purpose
Influences the method of development and may include narration, cause-effect, etc.
Commentary
Necessary to logically relate evidence to claims.
Synthesis
Integration of evidence and others’ arguments into the writer’s own.
Comparison-Contrast Method
Analyzes categories of comparison.
Definition/Description Method
Relates details using examples or illustrations.
Coherence
Necessary to create logical connections between ideas.
Transitional Elements
Words/phrases/clauses that show relationships between ideas.
Position
A writer’s stance on an issue, not necessarily their perspective.
Credibility of Sources
The reliability of sources, as doubtful ones may detract from the argument.
Fallacies
Misleading arguments that may weaken a position.
Coordination
Shows equality between ideas using conjunctions like “and” or “or.”
Subordination
Shows inequality between ideas using conjunctions like “although” or “since.”
Punctuation
Can clarify and supplement sentences.
Parenthetical Additions
Provide greater detail for claims.
Modifiers
Can clarify and specify the claim.
Comparisons
Help relate ideas to the audience through similes and analogies.
Irony
Created when there’s a contrast between expectations and the writer’s argument.
Complexity
Accepting part/all of a counterargument can improve credibility.
Concession
Offering a contrasting perspective on counter-evidence.
Rebuttal
Can be introduced using transitions.
Counterarguments
Requires explanation/commentary on counter-evidence to prove its invalidity.
Strategic Word Choice
Can convey stronger feelings of urgency, importance, and depth in writing.
FRQ Tips
Best to write thesis in intro paragraph
Thesis template for RA:
In his/her (text genre + title), (author’s name) uses (rhetorical devices) in order to convey
(message). | Body paragraph template: (1) Intro a broader strategy (2) A tool/device that helps achieve the strategy (3) Explain the WHAT, HOW, WHY
Allegory
using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning
Alliteration
the repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in 2+ neighboring words
