Unit 1

Question 1

Structural Methods

Answer 1

Computerized Tomography (CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Question 2

Functional Methods

Answer 2

Electroencephalography (EEG)
Positron Emission Tomography
Functional MRI`

Question 3

Nuerostimulation

Answer 3

Deep Brain Stimulation

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Question 4

Computerized tomoggraphy

Answer 4

Uses rotating x-ray sources and sensors
Detects strength of x-ray after passes through body structure
-produces structural images of brain
+good for bones, fast and inexpensive
- bad for soft tissue structures, invasive because of x-ray exposure

Question 5

MRI

Answer 5

proton spins align in presence of strong magnetic field

• RF pulse excites single slice and changes magnetic spins
• time to recovery T1 and T2 is dependent on tissue type and density

Question 6

DTI

Answer 6

uses MRI technology

• detects water motion in different directions
• used to identify structure of white matter tracts connecting brain regions

Question 7

EEg

Answer 7

• uses electrode cap
• detects gross electrical activity from brain through scalp
• only works for synchronized firing of large groups of neurons

Question 8

PET

Answer 8

-uses radioactive tracer and detector
-detects radioavtivity as tracer is metabolized throughout the brain
poor spatial and temporal resolution - more useful for measuring chemicals changes in brain

Question 9

fMRI

Answer 9

• uses magnetic field
• based on blood oxygen levels
• detects change in oxygen levels in blood after neurons are activated

Question 10

DBS

Answer 10

• pacemaker for the brain
• surgical implant to stimulate target brain region
• shows intraoperative as well as short-term and long-term post-operative effects
• useful in treating parkinson’s disease and sever depression
• invasive

Question 11

TMS

Answer 11

Use magnetic coil to change brain activity in target region•Only currently works well for large areas of cortex•Non-invasive and becoming used more frequently

Question 12

agonist vs antagonist

Answer 12

-agonist causes an action and an antagonist blocks that action

Question 13

afferent division

Answer 13

sensory nerves and receptors

Question 14

efferent division

Answer 14

motor nerves and targets

Question 15

somatic division

Answer 15

voluntary- moving a limb or an arm

Question 16

autonomic division

Answer 16

regulates the involuntary -parasympathetic - homeostasis vs sympathetic division - the body’s response to perceived threat, fight or flight

Question 17

parts of the spinal chord

Answer 17

Cervical - C1-8
Thoracic - T1-12
Lumbar- L1-5
Sacral S1-5
Coccygael  Co1

Question 18

I Olfactory

Answer 18

smell

Question 19

II Optic

Answer 19

vission

Question 20

III Oculomotor Nerve

Answer 20

eye movement,

Question 21

IV Trochlear Nerve

Answer 21

rotation, (all clear)

Question 22

V Trigeminal Nerve

Answer 22

Facial touch and chewing

Question 23

VI Abducens Nerve

Answer 23

Eye movemet ( lateral)

Question 24

VII Facial Nerve

Answer 24

Expression and taste 9 anterior tongue)

Question 25

VIII Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Answer 25

Balance and hearing

Question 26

IX Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Answer 26

Swallowing and taste (posterior tongue)

Question 27

X Vagus

Answer 27

Vocalization and visceral oragans, and taste (throat)

Question 28

XI Accessory Nervee

Answer 28

Neck Movement

Question 29

XII Hypoglossal Nerve

Answer 29

Tongue movment