Unit 1

Question 1

What is the cell membranes function?

Answer 1

Selective permeable layer which controls which substances can enter and exit the cell

Question 2

Where is the site of chemical reaction?

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 3

Location where respiration occurs and most of the cells ATP is produced

Question 4

What is the function of ribosomes

Answer 4

Location where amino acids are connected together to produce proteins

Question 5

What are proteins made out of?

Answer 5

Amino acids

Question 6

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 6

Stores DNA and therefore controls activities of the cell

Question 7

What are the cell walls in plants made out of?

Answer 7

Cellulose

Question 8

What is a cell wall?

Answer 8

freely permeable layer surrounding cell membrane that’s made of cellulose.

Question 9

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 9

Supports and strengths cell

Question 10

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 10

Location where photosynthesis occurs and sugar is produced

Question 11

What’s the function of the vacuole?

Answer 11

Water storage

Question 12

What type of cells have a cell wall that is NOT made up of cellulose?

Answer 12

Fungal cell and bacteria cell

Question 13

What does a plant cell consist of?

Answer 13

Nucleus, chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 14

What does an animal cell consist of?

Answer 14

Cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes, nucleus

Question 15

What does a fungal cell consist of?

Answer 15

Ribosomes, mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall

Question 16

What cell is like an animal cell but has a cell wall?

Answer 16

Fungal cell

Question 17

What does a bacterial cell consist of?

Answer 17

Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmids, large circular DNA molecule

Question 18

What cell has a no nucleus ?

Answer 18

Bacterial cell

Question 19

Where does a bacterial cells DNA float ?

Answer 19

In the cytoplasm

Question 20

How many layers are in the cell membrane?

Answer 20

2

Question 21

What are the layers in a cell membrane made out of ?

Answer 21

Phospholipids and proteins

Question 22

Is the cell membrane selectively permeable?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

What does selectively permeable mean ?

Answer 23

it means that it lets Some substances through and prevents others from passing through at all

Question 24

What type of transport doesn’t need energy?

Answer 24

Passive

Question 25

What type of transport needs energy?

Answer 25

Active

Question 26

What is the equation for percentage change?

Answer 26

New value - old value ——————————- X 100% Old value

Question 27

When does active transport occur?

Answer 27

When molecules are moved across the cell membrane from an area where they are at a low concentration to an area of high concentration by specific membrane proteins

Question 28

Why does active transport require energy?

Answer 28

Because the movement is against the concentration gradient

Question 29

What is diffusion?

Answer 29

Movements of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 30

What is osmosis?

Answer 30

The diffusion of water to a high concentration to a low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 31

What happens in a plant cell where the concentration is the same?

Answer 31

Equal water concentration, no osmosis occurs

Question 32

What happens in a plant cell with a high water concentration?

Answer 32

Cell swells and becomes turgid

Question 33

What happens in a plant cell with a low water concentration?

Answer 33

Cell membrane peels away from cell wall and is plasmolysed

Question 34

What happens in an animal cell with the same concentration?

Answer 34

Stays the same

Question 35

What happens in an animal cell with a high water concentration?

Answer 35

Water moves in the cell and it bursts

Question 36

What happens in a animal cell with a low water concentration?

Answer 36

Water moves out and cell shrinks

Question 37

What is the shape of DNA?

Answer 37

double helix

Question 38

How are the 2 strands of DNA held together?

Answer 38

By weak bonds between pairs of bases

Question 39

What are the letters of the bases in DNA ?

Answer 39

A T C G

Question 40

What does A pair with ?

Answer 40

T

Question 41

What does C pair with ?

Answer 41

G

Question 42

What are chromosomes ?

Answer 42

Thread-like structures found in the nucleus and made of tightly coiled DNA

Question 43

What are the 4 DNA bases called (full names)

Answer 43

Adenine , thymine , cytosine , guanine

Question 44

What do proteins consist of ?

Answer 44

Long chains of repeating chemicals called amino acids

Question 45

What is the word given to the group of 3 bases that represent different amino acids

Answer 45

Triplets

Question 46

What is a gene ?

Answer 46

A sequence of bases of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 47

Where is mRNA made ?

Answer 47

The nucleus

Question 48

What does mRNA do ?

Answer 48

Carries a copy of a gene to the cytoplasm

Question 49

What about mRNA makes it easier to leave the nucleus?

Answer 49

It is single stranded

Question 50

What order does mRNA go in ?

Answer 50

Carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA, in the nucleus, to a ribosome, where protein is assembled, from amino acids

Question 51

Roughly , how many different amino acids are there ?

Answer 51

About 20

Question 52

How are the order of amino acids determined?

Answer 52

By the sequence of the base pairs in the gene

Question 53

What do enzymes do ?

Answer 53

Catalyse biological reactions

Question 54

What is the function of hormones?

Answer 54

Communication between different parts of the body.

Question 55

How are hormones released?

Answer 55

From endocrine glands and are transported in the blood to target cells

Question 56

What is the function of antibodies?

Answer 56

Part of the immune system. They are produced by white blood cells and can bind to specific bacteria and viruses

Question 57

What is the function of structural amino acids?

Answer 57

Forms supporting framework inside cells and forms structures e.g. collagen

Question 58

What are the function receptors?

Answer 58

Specific proteins found on cell membranes

Question 59

What are enzymes?

Answer 59

Enzymes are biological catalysts, this means they speed up reactions, but do not get used up in the reaction

Question 60

What are enzymes made from ?

Answer 60

They are made from protein, which means they are building blocks of amino acids

Question 61

How do amino acids join together?

Answer 61

In a long chain, which folds to make a unique 3D shape

Question 62

What is the chemical called that enzymes act on?

Answer 62

Substrates

Question 63

What are the substances called that enzymes produce?

Answer 63

Products

Question 64

Why is the shape of an enzyme important?

Answer 64

Because it affects the type of reaction

Question 65

What is an active site ?

Answer 65

The part of an enzyme to Whitchurch one or more substrate molecules can attach

Question 66

Why are enzymes specific?

Answer 66

Because different enzymes have different shaped active sites

Question 67

What is a degradation reaction?

Answer 67

When enzymes speed up the brake down of complex molecules into simpler molecules

Question 68

Give examples of degradation reactions

Answer 68

Catalase speeding up the break down of hydrogen peroxide (HPCOW) or amylase speeding up the breakdown of starch into maltose

Question 69

What does hydrogen peroxide break down into with catalase?

Answer 69

Water + oxygen

Question 70

What are synthesis reactions

Answer 70

When enzymes catalase by joining together 2 substrates to form a product

Question 71

What is the dependant variable ?

Answer 71

The thing that is being measured

Question 72

What is the independent variable?

Answer 72

The thing you are changing