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World History > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Government

A

A system for controlling the society

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2
Q

Monarchy

A

A single person ( a king or monarch) rules in a government

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3
Q

Aristocracy

A

A government rules by a small group of people

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4
Q

Oligarchy

A

A government rules by a few powerful people

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5
Q

Democracy

A

“ rule of the people”

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6
Q

Direct democracy

A

Citizens rule and make laws directly rather than through representatives

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7
Q

Republic

A

Power rests with the citizens who have the right to elect the leaders who make governmental decisions

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8
Q

Senate

A

Controls foreign and financial policies and advised the consuls

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9
Q

What steps cleisthenes take to strengthen democracy in Athens

A

He worked to make Athens a full democracy by reorganizing the assembly to balance power between the rich and poor. And increased the power of the assembly by allowing all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage

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10
Q

What four basic principles of Roman law

A

All citizens had the right to equal treatment under law, a person was considered innocent until proven guilty, the burden of proof rested with the accuser rather than to accused, any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be set aside

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11
Q

Judaism and Christianity are examples of ______ because their followers believe in only one god

A

Monotheism

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12
Q

Judaism and Christianity promoted democratic ideas because they emphasized the _______ of individuals and responsibility of individuals to their _______

A

Worth, community

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13
Q

The Hebrew belief that people are created in God’s image that human beings all have ______, which can’t be taken away

A

Dignity

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14
Q

Greeks, romans, and Jews are all similar because they all developed written ______

A

Law of code

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15
Q

Jesus is classified as both a _____ and a _________

A

Jew, Roman subject

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16
Q

The followers of Jesus called him “ crust” because they believed he was the _________

A

Savior

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17
Q

Jesus went beyond traditional morality because he emphasized that you should ________ everyone, even your _______

A

Love, enemies

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18
Q

Plato grew up in what war

A

Pelapanesion

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19
Q

Why did Plato decide not to become a politician

A

They but Socrates to death, who was his friend

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20
Q

What institution did Plato found

A

Academy of Athens

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21
Q

What are some different roles in Plato’s ideal society

A

Soldiers, artisans, laborers, and leaders

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22
Q

How are different roles determined for citizens

A

Talent

23
Q

What did Plato’s believe is essential for good government

A

Education

24
Q

What did Plato’s believe were the dangers of democracy and autocracy

A

Autocracy= greed, unlimited power by one person over others

Democracy = mod rule

25
Q

Under Plato’s ideal form of government, who should rule?

A

Philosophers and the smartest people

26
Q

Based on Plato’s earlier discussion of proper roles in society, how would philosopher-Kings be chosen

A

How smart they are

27
Q

What were 3 groups in Plato’s ideal republic

A

Populace, laborers, and philosopher-kings

28
Q

What role did the philosopher- kings fill

A

Make the laws

29
Q

What was the duty of the populace

A

Duty of obedience

30
Q

Where did Aristotle study as a young man

A

Plato’s academy in Athens

31
Q

What book did Plato write

A

The republic

32
Q

What book did Aristotle write

A

Politic

33
Q

What subjects did Aristotle examine in his writings

A

Logic, physics, astronomy, biology, ethics, politics, pubic speaking, literary erthizium

34
Q

Why did Aristotle leave Athens towards the end of his life

A

In fear of his life, he was a friend of Alexander, and Alexander was a posed to new rule

35
Q

What makes humans different from animals, according to Aristotle

A

Reason

36
Q

To artistole, are people naturally good

A

No, people aren’t born good but are taught to be

37
Q

How ,did Aristotle argue , can people realize their potential

A

Through society and government

38
Q

What did Aristotle name as the 3 positive forms of government

A

Monarchy( ruled by king)
Aristocracy ( rule by the noble or wealthy class)
Constitutional( rule by the people)

39
Q

When did Aristotle think monarchy and aristocracy become dangerous

A

When the rulers are not virtuous

40
Q

What did Aristotle believe is the possible danger of democracy

A

People have equal freedom, they might think they are equal in every way and fail to recognize their different strengths and weaknesses

41
Q

What did Aristotle believe the relationship should be between Kong’s and philosophers

A

Philosophers advise Kings

42
Q

What did he believe is the best form of government

A

Rule of properly educated members of the middle class

43
Q

Why are members of the middle class best able to govern

A

Rich are too arrogant and the poor may be vengeful

44
Q

What religious beliefs made the Hebrews different from other groups around them

A

They believed in only one god… monotheism

45
Q

What is significance if the Hebrew belief that human beings are created in God’s image

A

Each human being has a divine spark that gives them a dignity that can never be taken away

46
Q

What is the significance of the belief in moral freedom

A

The capacity to choose between good and evil

47
Q

How are the Greeks, Roman and Jews similar

A

They had a written law of code

48
Q

What did the 10 commandments and other Hebrew laws focus on

A

On morality and ethics more than politics

49
Q

How does the Jewish faiths social conscience benefit society

A

They believe that it is responsibility of every person to oppose injustice and oppression and that the community should assist the unfortunate

50
Q

What did Jesus emphasize

A

God’s personal relationship to each human being

51
Q

Why did the romans consider Jesus a political threat

A

Some referred to him and the king of Jews

52
Q

What are 2 things Paul stressed in his teachings

A

Jesus was the son of god
And
He died for people’s sins

53
Q

What are 2 ways the Roman Empire helped spread Christianity

A

When Jesus fled during diaspora, the religion spread through out the world and Christianity become such a powerful religion through the empire and beyond

World History (4 decks)

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