Unit 1 Flashcards
Government
A system for controlling the society
Monarchy
A single person ( a king or monarch) rules in a government
Aristocracy
A government rules by a small group of people
Oligarchy
A government rules by a few powerful people
Democracy
“ rule of the people”
Direct democracy
Citizens rule and make laws directly rather than through representatives
Republic
Power rests with the citizens who have the right to elect the leaders who make governmental decisions
Senate
Controls foreign and financial policies and advised the consuls
What steps cleisthenes take to strengthen democracy in Athens
He worked to make Athens a full democracy by reorganizing the assembly to balance power between the rich and poor. And increased the power of the assembly by allowing all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage
What four basic principles of Roman law
All citizens had the right to equal treatment under law, a person was considered innocent until proven guilty, the burden of proof rested with the accuser rather than to accused, any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be set aside
Judaism and Christianity are examples of ______ because their followers believe in only one god
Monotheism
Judaism and Christianity promoted democratic ideas because they emphasized the _______ of individuals and responsibility of individuals to their _______
Worth, community
The Hebrew belief that people are created in God’s image that human beings all have ______, which can’t be taken away
Dignity
Greeks, romans, and Jews are all similar because they all developed written ______
Law of code
Jesus is classified as both a _____ and a _________
Jew, Roman subject
The followers of Jesus called him “ crust” because they believed he was the _________
Savior
Jesus went beyond traditional morality because he emphasized that you should ________ everyone, even your _______
Love, enemies
Plato grew up in what war
Pelapanesion
Why did Plato decide not to become a politician
They but Socrates to death, who was his friend
What institution did Plato found
Academy of Athens
What are some different roles in Plato’s ideal society
Soldiers, artisans, laborers, and leaders
How are different roles determined for citizens
Talent
What did Plato’s believe is essential for good government
Education
What did Plato’s believe were the dangers of democracy and autocracy
Autocracy= greed, unlimited power by one person over others
Democracy = mod rule
Under Plato’s ideal form of government, who should rule?
Philosophers and the smartest people
Based on Plato’s earlier discussion of proper roles in society, how would philosopher-Kings be chosen
How smart they are
What were 3 groups in Plato’s ideal republic
Populace, laborers, and philosopher-kings
What role did the philosopher- kings fill
Make the laws
What was the duty of the populace
Duty of obedience
Where did Aristotle study as a young man
Plato’s academy in Athens
What book did Plato write
The republic
What book did Aristotle write
Politic
What subjects did Aristotle examine in his writings
Logic, physics, astronomy, biology, ethics, politics, pubic speaking, literary erthizium
Why did Aristotle leave Athens towards the end of his life
In fear of his life, he was a friend of Alexander, and Alexander was a posed to new rule
What makes humans different from animals, according to Aristotle
Reason
To artistole, are people naturally good
No, people aren’t born good but are taught to be
How ,did Aristotle argue , can people realize their potential
Through society and government
What did Aristotle name as the 3 positive forms of government
Monarchy( ruled by king)
Aristocracy ( rule by the noble or wealthy class)
Constitutional( rule by the people)
When did Aristotle think monarchy and aristocracy become dangerous
When the rulers are not virtuous
What did Aristotle believe is the possible danger of democracy
People have equal freedom, they might think they are equal in every way and fail to recognize their different strengths and weaknesses
What did Aristotle believe the relationship should be between Kong’s and philosophers
Philosophers advise Kings
What did he believe is the best form of government
Rule of properly educated members of the middle class
Why are members of the middle class best able to govern
Rich are too arrogant and the poor may be vengeful
What religious beliefs made the Hebrews different from other groups around them
They believed in only one god… monotheism
What is significance if the Hebrew belief that human beings are created in God’s image
Each human being has a divine spark that gives them a dignity that can never be taken away
What is the significance of the belief in moral freedom
The capacity to choose between good and evil
How are the Greeks, Roman and Jews similar
They had a written law of code
What did the 10 commandments and other Hebrew laws focus on
On morality and ethics more than politics
How does the Jewish faiths social conscience benefit society
They believe that it is responsibility of every person to oppose injustice and oppression and that the community should assist the unfortunate
What did Jesus emphasize
God’s personal relationship to each human being
Why did the romans consider Jesus a political threat
Some referred to him and the king of Jews
What are 2 things Paul stressed in his teachings
Jesus was the son of god
And
He died for people’s sins
What are 2 ways the Roman Empire helped spread Christianity
When Jesus fled during diaspora, the religion spread through out the world and Christianity become such a powerful religion through the empire and beyond
