French Revolution Flashcards
Who was the first estate
Clergy ( Catholic Church ), didn’t have to pay taxes. Controlled 10% of land but only 1% of the pop was about of the first
Who was the second estate
Nobles didn’t have to pay many taxes. 2% of the pop. Controlled 20% of land
Who was the third estate
Everyone else and they had to pay taxes. About 97% of the pop was about of this group, controlled 70% of the land
What are the 2 group that made up the third estate
The bourgeoisie and workers/ peasants
What is the bourgeoisie
Wealthy business owners, made up 10% of the 3rd estate
How did peasants/ workers live in the third estate
They were poor and uneducated, spending 80% of their money on food
What were to reasons for France to be In a financial crisis
The royal family spending, the 7 year war, and supporting the American revolution
Why was the meeting of the estate general and who called it
The king, to try to raise taxes in the nobles to help pay France’s debts
What was the goal of the nobility of the meeting of the estates general
Hoped to create a constitution and limit the Kings power
What was the goal of the 3rd estate of the meetings of estates general
To be treated equally in the meeting
What led to the tennis court oath
The third estate met on the Tennis court and formed the National Assembly
What was the goal of the National Assembly
Swore to create a new constitution for France
What became the motto for the French Revolution
Liberty, equality, fraternity
The storming of Bastille was caused by
Rumors that King Louis XVI would use troops to destroy the National Assembly
What was the storming of bastille
800 citizens storming the bastille looking for gun powder
Who was marching in the March on Versailles
7000 women marched to the palace of Versailles’s to demand food because they are starving
What happened at the march in Versailles
They killed some guards, King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette returned to Paris with them. They were held prisoner for 3 yrs
What was the conflict between National Assembly and Roman Catholic Church
The National Assembly took over and sold church land and said the pope had no power in France
Why did the conflict between National Assembly and Roman Catholic Church cause a loss of support from many citizens
It upset French people, who were Catholic
What did the constitution of 1791 end
The National Assembly and created the legislative assembly
What could the new “ legislative assembly “ do
Cold make laws, collect taxes, and declare wars
What were the problems with the Constitution of 1791
- only 5000 out of 27 million were able to vote
- King Louis vetoes too many laws
- many people felt this gov was too nice to the king and wealthy, and too mean to the Catholics
- women were excluded from the political process
What 2 groups want more radical change
Jacobins( lawyers) and San-Culottes ( working class)
And they wanted republic change
Why did France attack Austria
France wanted to spread democratic revolutions to the rest of Europe
How did Austria angered The French and what did it cause
Austria said not to hurt Louis and Marie, but that caused Parisians to storm the palace and in prison the royal family
What were the September massacres
When parisians attacked and killed 1,600 accused of policitixak offenses
What was the National convention
Robespierre called for and helped create a new legislative body
What did the national convention do
- abolished monarchy and legislative assembly
- France became a republic
- executed King Louis for treason
- killed Marie 8 months later
What was the committee of public safety created to deal with
War with Austria and Prussia
Civil rebellions
Food protests
Who made up the committee of public safety
12 members and Robespierre, an absolute power over government
What are things that Robespierre did that impacted France
- order citizens to join the war, France started to win
- crushes rebellions within France
- tried to get rid of the Catholic Church
- set up special revolutionary courts and people were convicted of crimes about anything critical if the gov. Punishment was death by guillotine
What did the committee of public safety do when the saw things were out of hand
The executed Robespierre, accused him of being an enemy of the revolution
What was the constitution of 1795
A 5 man directory and a legislative, a weak gov that caused more chaos
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte
A popular military general
What did Napoleon do on November 9-10 of 1799
Overthrow the directory and set up a consulate and took title of first consul
What did Napoleon achieve as emperor
- Made peace with Catholic Church
- order, security, and efficiency replaced liberty, equality, and fraternity
What was the Napoleonic code
A new legal code that quarantined equality before law, religious tolerance, jobs given based on merit
Each step held a plebiscite(popular yes or no vote)
What was Napoleons biggest mistake
The continental system
What was the continental system
A blockade that he hoped would destroy the British economy. Wanted Europe to be self-sefeshant
What destroyed Napoleons Army in Russia
The Russian winter, Russian scorched earth tactics, and typhus
Merchants and artists, some were as rich as nobles, but paid high taxes and lacked privileges
Bourgeoisie
Roman Catholic Church clergy who owned 10% of the land but only paid 2% of their income to the government
First estate
Formed the largest group of the 3rd estate. Half of their income was paid in taxes
Peasants
97% of frances population was in this group
Third estate
Rich nobles whose wealth was in land they owned
Second estate
Lives in the cities, were paid low wages, and often went hungry
Workers
Louis XVI was a strong leader who was deeply invoked in government ( t r F)
False
Marie Antoinette was unpopular with the French because she was Austrian (T or F)
True
The Estates general was called to get approval to tax the second estate ( T r F)
True
Abbe sieyes suggested that the third estate should stop fighting and follow the nobles ( T r F)
False
The pledge the third estate made static they would not leave Versailles until a new constitution was written
Tennis court oath
On July 14, 1789 a mob tried to get gunpowder from the
Bastille
A wave of senseless panic the spread through the countryside was the
Great fear
Over 6,000 angry Parisian women rioted over the price of
Bread
The name of the kings palace outside of Paris is
Versailles
The constitution of 1791 created a government known as __________________ where the Kings power was limited by the law
Limited constitution monarchy
Radicals in the legislative assembly wanted to…
Remove the king and create a republic
Scared enemies of the revolution restoring the king to power, the people of Paris killed hundreds of prisoners in an event known as the
September massacre
The most radical political club in Paris was known as the
Jacobin club
In September 1792, led by the jacobins, the new national convention abolished the monarchy and established a
Republic
The purpose of the committee of public safety was to protect the revolution from its enemies
true
Robespierre used the committee of public safety to eliminate his own friends and associates because they challenged his power
True
Most people killed in the region of terror were
Peasants
The last person executed by guillotine in the region of terror was
Robespierre
With the reign of terror over, a new government was created with a bicameral legislative and a 5 member executive branch known as the
Directory
Ancient regime
A system where people of France were divided into 3 large classes, estates
Abbe Sieyes
Gave the idea that the 3rd estate delegates name them selfs the National Assembly
What did the declaration of rights of man say
Men are born and remain free and equal in rights
Olympus de Gouges
Published a declaration of rights of women
Charlotte cordet
Stabbed Marat and killed him
George’s Danton’s
Most talented and passionate speakers in the jacobins club
Legislative assembly center, left, right
Left- people who wanted radical change In government
Center- moderate views
Right- few to no change in gov
Emigres
Nobles who fled from France
Peninsular war
Guerrillas fought by fighting then hiding and Napoleon was not able to fight this strategy’s, he lost 300,000 men
Congress of Vienna
A peace conference to stabilize Europe
Who ran the congress of Vienna
Metternich( Austria )
Castlereigh( Great Britain)
Alexander I ( russia )
Talleyrand ( France)
The congress restored
Absolute monarchs and created a balance of power
What is a balance of power
All counties are equal so that non could take Over the others
Coup d’etat
Seizure of power
Plebiscite
Vote of the people
Lycees
Gov run public schools
Napoleonic code
Comprehensive series of laws
Concordat
Agreement to allow Catholic in France
Adam smith claimed the government should play an active role in the economy (t or f)
False
Thomas Malthus believed that wars and epidemics are necessary to kill off extra people or else everyone would become poor and miserable (t or f)
True
Jeremy Bentham argues that government should try to promote the greatest food for the greatest number of people (t or f)
True
Socialists believe that free market capitalism should plan the economy (t or f)
False
Karl Marx predicted that the workers would overthrow the owners (t or f)
True
Marxism inspired revolutions in Russia China and Cuba (t or f)
True
Unskilled workers led the way in forming unions because there was such a great number of them (t or f)
False
In 1842 the mines act prevented women and children from working underground
True
The us abolished slavery before Britain did (t or f)
False
Two of the top reform movements dealt with public education and prison reform (t or f)
True