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World History > French Revolution > Flashcards

French Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first estate

A

Clergy ( Catholic Church ), didn’t have to pay taxes. Controlled 10% of land but only 1% of the pop was about of the first

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2
Q

Who was the second estate

A

Nobles didn’t have to pay many taxes. 2% of the pop. Controlled 20% of land

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3
Q

Who was the third estate

A

Everyone else and they had to pay taxes. About 97% of the pop was about of this group, controlled 70% of the land

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4
Q

What are the 2 group that made up the third estate

A

The bourgeoisie and workers/ peasants

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5
Q

What is the bourgeoisie

A

Wealthy business owners, made up 10% of the 3rd estate

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6
Q

How did peasants/ workers live in the third estate

A

They were poor and uneducated, spending 80% of their money on food

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7
Q

What were to reasons for France to be In a financial crisis

A

The royal family spending, the 7 year war, and supporting the American revolution

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8
Q

Why was the meeting of the estate general and who called it

A

The king, to try to raise taxes in the nobles to help pay France’s debts

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9
Q

What was the goal of the nobility of the meeting of the estates general

A

Hoped to create a constitution and limit the Kings power

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10
Q

What was the goal of the 3rd estate of the meetings of estates general

A

To be treated equally in the meeting

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11
Q

What led to the tennis court oath

A

The third estate met on the Tennis court and formed the National Assembly

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12
Q

What was the goal of the National Assembly

A

Swore to create a new constitution for France

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13
Q

What became the motto for the French Revolution

A

Liberty, equality, fraternity

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14
Q

The storming of Bastille was caused by

A

Rumors that King Louis XVI would use troops to destroy the National Assembly

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15
Q

What was the storming of bastille

A

800 citizens storming the bastille looking for gun powder

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16
Q

Who was marching in the March on Versailles

A

7000 women marched to the palace of Versailles’s to demand food because they are starving

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17
Q

What happened at the march in Versailles

A

They killed some guards, King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette returned to Paris with them. They were held prisoner for 3 yrs

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18
Q

What was the conflict between National Assembly and Roman Catholic Church

A

The National Assembly took over and sold church land and said the pope had no power in France

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19
Q

Why did the conflict between National Assembly and Roman Catholic Church cause a loss of support from many citizens

A

It upset French people, who were Catholic

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20
Q

What did the constitution of 1791 end

A

The National Assembly and created the legislative assembly

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21
Q

What could the new “ legislative assembly “ do

A

Cold make laws, collect taxes, and declare wars

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22
Q

What were the problems with the Constitution of 1791

A
  • only 5000 out of 27 million were able to vote
  • King Louis vetoes too many laws
  • many people felt this gov was too nice to the king and wealthy, and too mean to the Catholics
  • women were excluded from the political process
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23
Q

What 2 groups want more radical change

A

Jacobins( lawyers) and San-Culottes ( working class)

And they wanted republic change

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24
Q

Why did France attack Austria

A

France wanted to spread democratic revolutions to the rest of Europe

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25
Q

How did Austria angered The French and what did it cause

A

Austria said not to hurt Louis and Marie, but that caused Parisians to storm the palace and in prison the royal family

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26
Q

What were the September massacres

A

When parisians attacked and killed 1,600 accused of policitixak offenses

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27
Q

What was the National convention

A

Robespierre called for and helped create a new legislative body

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28
Q

What did the national convention do

A
  • abolished monarchy and legislative assembly
  • France became a republic
  • executed King Louis for treason
  • killed Marie 8 months later
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29
Q

What was the committee of public safety created to deal with

A

War with Austria and Prussia

Civil rebellions

Food protests

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30
Q

Who made up the committee of public safety

A

12 members and Robespierre, an absolute power over government

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31
Q

What are things that Robespierre did that impacted France

A
  • order citizens to join the war, France started to win
  • crushes rebellions within France
  • tried to get rid of the Catholic Church
  • set up special revolutionary courts and people were convicted of crimes about anything critical if the gov. Punishment was death by guillotine
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32
Q

What did the committee of public safety do when the saw things were out of hand

A

The executed Robespierre, accused him of being an enemy of the revolution

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33
Q

What was the constitution of 1795

A

A 5 man directory and a legislative, a weak gov that caused more chaos

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34
Q

Who was Napoleon Bonaparte

A

A popular military general

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35
Q

What did Napoleon do on November 9-10 of 1799

A

Overthrow the directory and set up a consulate and took title of first consul

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36
Q

What did Napoleon achieve as emperor

A
  • Made peace with Catholic Church

- order, security, and efficiency replaced liberty, equality, and fraternity

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37
Q

What was the Napoleonic code

A

A new legal code that quarantined equality before law, religious tolerance, jobs given based on merit

Each step held a plebiscite(popular yes or no vote)

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38
Q

What was Napoleons biggest mistake

A

The continental system

39
Q

What was the continental system

A

A blockade that he hoped would destroy the British economy. Wanted Europe to be self-sefeshant

40
Q

What destroyed Napoleons Army in Russia

A

The Russian winter, Russian scorched earth tactics, and typhus

41
Q

Merchants and artists, some were as rich as nobles, but paid high taxes and lacked privileges

A

Bourgeoisie

42
Q

Roman Catholic Church clergy who owned 10% of the land but only paid 2% of their income to the government

A

First estate

43
Q

Formed the largest group of the 3rd estate. Half of their income was paid in taxes

A

Peasants

44
Q

97% of frances population was in this group

A

Third estate

45
Q

Rich nobles whose wealth was in land they owned

A

Second estate

46
Q

Lives in the cities, were paid low wages, and often went hungry

A

Workers

47
Q

Louis XVI was a strong leader who was deeply invoked in government ( t r F)

A

False

48
Q

Marie Antoinette was unpopular with the French because she was Austrian (T or F)

A

True

49
Q

The Estates general was called to get approval to tax the second estate ( T r F)

A

True

50
Q

Abbe sieyes suggested that the third estate should stop fighting and follow the nobles ( T r F)

A

False

51
Q

The pledge the third estate made static they would not leave Versailles until a new constitution was written

A

Tennis court oath

52
Q

On July 14, 1789 a mob tried to get gunpowder from the

A

Bastille

53
Q

A wave of senseless panic the spread through the countryside was the

A

Great fear

54
Q

Over 6,000 angry Parisian women rioted over the price of

A

Bread

55
Q

The name of the kings palace outside of Paris is

A

Versailles

56
Q

The constitution of 1791 created a government known as __________________ where the Kings power was limited by the law

A

Limited constitution monarchy

57
Q

Radicals in the legislative assembly wanted to…

A

Remove the king and create a republic

58
Q

Scared enemies of the revolution restoring the king to power, the people of Paris killed hundreds of prisoners in an event known as the

A

September massacre

59
Q

The most radical political club in Paris was known as the

A

Jacobin club

60
Q

In September 1792, led by the jacobins, the new national convention abolished the monarchy and established a

A

Republic

61
Q

The purpose of the committee of public safety was to protect the revolution from its enemies

A

true

62
Q

Robespierre used the committee of public safety to eliminate his own friends and associates because they challenged his power

A

True

63
Q

Most people killed in the region of terror were

A

Peasants

64
Q

The last person executed by guillotine in the region of terror was

A

Robespierre

65
Q

With the reign of terror over, a new government was created with a bicameral legislative and a 5 member executive branch known as the

A

Directory

66
Q

Ancient regime

A

A system where people of France were divided into 3 large classes, estates

67
Q

Abbe Sieyes

A

Gave the idea that the 3rd estate delegates name them selfs the National Assembly

68
Q

What did the declaration of rights of man say

A

Men are born and remain free and equal in rights

69
Q

Olympus de Gouges

A

Published a declaration of rights of women

70
Q

Charlotte cordet

A

Stabbed Marat and killed him

71
Q

George’s Danton’s

A

Most talented and passionate speakers in the jacobins club

72
Q

Legislative assembly center, left, right

A

Left- people who wanted radical change In government
Center- moderate views
Right- few to no change in gov

73
Q

Emigres

A

Nobles who fled from France

74
Q

Peninsular war

A

Guerrillas fought by fighting then hiding and Napoleon was not able to fight this strategy’s, he lost 300,000 men

75
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

A peace conference to stabilize Europe

76
Q

Who ran the congress of Vienna

A

Metternich( Austria )
Castlereigh( Great Britain)
Alexander I ( russia )
Talleyrand ( France)

77
Q

The congress restored

A

Absolute monarchs and created a balance of power

78
Q

What is a balance of power

A

All counties are equal so that non could take Over the others

79
Q

Coup d’etat

A

Seizure of power

80
Q

Plebiscite

A

Vote of the people

81
Q

Lycees

A

Gov run public schools

82
Q

Napoleonic code

A

Comprehensive series of laws

83
Q

Concordat

A

Agreement to allow Catholic in France

84
Q

Adam smith claimed the government should play an active role in the economy (t or f)

A

False

85
Q

Thomas Malthus believed that wars and epidemics are necessary to kill off extra people or else everyone would become poor and miserable (t or f)

A

True

86
Q

Jeremy Bentham argues that government should try to promote the greatest food for the greatest number of people (t or f)

A

True

87
Q

Socialists believe that free market capitalism should plan the economy (t or f)

A

False

88
Q

Karl Marx predicted that the workers would overthrow the owners (t or f)

A

True

89
Q

Marxism inspired revolutions in Russia China and Cuba (t or f)

A

True

90
Q

Unskilled workers led the way in forming unions because there was such a great number of them (t or f)

A

False

91
Q

In 1842 the mines act prevented women and children from working underground

A

True

92
Q

The us abolished slavery before Britain did (t or f)

A

False

93
Q

Two of the top reform movements dealt with public education and prison reform (t or f)

A

True

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