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French Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the first estate

A

Clergy ( Catholic Church ), didn’t have to pay taxes. Controlled 10% of land but only 1% of the pop was about of the first

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2
Q

Who was the second estate

A

Nobles didn’t have to pay many taxes. 2% of the pop. Controlled 20% of land

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3
Q

Who was the third estate

A

Everyone else and they had to pay taxes. About 97% of the pop was about of this group, controlled 70% of the land

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4
Q

What are the 2 group that made up the third estate

A

The bourgeoisie and workers/ peasants

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5
Q

What is the bourgeoisie

A

Wealthy business owners, made up 10% of the 3rd estate

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6
Q

How did peasants/ workers live in the third estate

A

They were poor and uneducated, spending 80% of their money on food

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7
Q

What were to reasons for France to be In a financial crisis

A

The royal family spending, the 7 year war, and supporting the American revolution

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8
Q

Why was the meeting of the estate general and who called it

A

The king, to try to raise taxes in the nobles to help pay France’s debts

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9
Q

What was the goal of the nobility of the meeting of the estates general

A

Hoped to create a constitution and limit the Kings power

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10
Q

What was the goal of the 3rd estate of the meetings of estates general

A

To be treated equally in the meeting

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11
Q

What led to the tennis court oath

A

The third estate met on the Tennis court and formed the National Assembly

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12
Q

What was the goal of the National Assembly

A

Swore to create a new constitution for France

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13
Q

What became the motto for the French Revolution

A

Liberty, equality, fraternity

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14
Q

The storming of Bastille was caused by

A

Rumors that King Louis XVI would use troops to destroy the National Assembly

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15
Q

What was the storming of bastille

A

800 citizens storming the bastille looking for gun powder

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16
Q

Who was marching in the March on Versailles

A

7000 women marched to the palace of Versailles’s to demand food because they are starving

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17
Q

What happened at the march in Versailles

A

They killed some guards, King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette returned to Paris with them. They were held prisoner for 3 yrs

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18
Q

What was the conflict between National Assembly and Roman Catholic Church

A

The National Assembly took over and sold church land and said the pope had no power in France

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19
Q

Why did the conflict between National Assembly and Roman Catholic Church cause a loss of support from many citizens

A

It upset French people, who were Catholic

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20
Q

What did the constitution of 1791 end

A

The National Assembly and created the legislative assembly

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21
Q

What could the new “ legislative assembly “ do

A

Cold make laws, collect taxes, and declare wars

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22
Q

What were the problems with the Constitution of 1791

A
  • only 5000 out of 27 million were able to vote
  • King Louis vetoes too many laws
  • many people felt this gov was too nice to the king and wealthy, and too mean to the Catholics
  • women were excluded from the political process
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23
Q

What 2 groups want more radical change

A

Jacobins( lawyers) and San-Culottes ( working class)

And they wanted republic change

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24
Q

Why did France attack Austria

A

France wanted to spread democratic revolutions to the rest of Europe

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25
How did Austria angered The French and what did it cause
Austria said not to hurt Louis and Marie, but that caused Parisians to storm the palace and in prison the royal family
26
What were the September massacres
When parisians attacked and killed 1,600 accused of policitixak offenses
27
What was the National convention
Robespierre called for and helped create a new legislative body
28
What did the national convention do
- abolished monarchy and legislative assembly - France became a republic - executed King Louis for treason - killed Marie 8 months later
29
What was the committee of public safety created to deal with
War with Austria and Prussia Civil rebellions Food protests
30
Who made up the committee of public safety
12 members and Robespierre, an absolute power over government
31
What are things that Robespierre did that impacted France
- order citizens to join the war, France started to win - crushes rebellions within France - tried to get rid of the Catholic Church - set up special revolutionary courts and people were convicted of crimes about anything critical if the gov. Punishment was death by guillotine
32
What did the committee of public safety do when the saw things were out of hand
The executed Robespierre, accused him of being an enemy of the revolution
33
What was the constitution of 1795
A 5 man directory and a legislative, a weak gov that caused more chaos
34
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte
A popular military general
35
What did Napoleon do on November 9-10 of 1799
Overthrow the directory and set up a consulate and took title of first consul
36
What did Napoleon achieve as emperor
- Made peace with Catholic Church | - order, security, and efficiency replaced liberty, equality, and fraternity
37
What was the Napoleonic code
A new legal code that quarantined equality before law, religious tolerance, jobs given based on merit Each step held a plebiscite(popular yes or no vote)
38
What was Napoleons biggest mistake
The continental system
39
What was the continental system
A blockade that he hoped would destroy the British economy. Wanted Europe to be self-sefeshant
40
What destroyed Napoleons Army in Russia
The Russian winter, Russian scorched earth tactics, and typhus
41
Merchants and artists, some were as rich as nobles, but paid high taxes and lacked privileges
Bourgeoisie
42
Roman Catholic Church clergy who owned 10% of the land but only paid 2% of their income to the government
First estate
43
Formed the largest group of the 3rd estate. Half of their income was paid in taxes
Peasants
44
97% of frances population was in this group
Third estate
45
Rich nobles whose wealth was in land they owned
Second estate
46
Lives in the cities, were paid low wages, and often went hungry
Workers
47
Louis XVI was a strong leader who was deeply invoked in government ( t r F)
False
48
Marie Antoinette was unpopular with the French because she was Austrian (T or F)
True
49
The Estates general was called to get approval to tax the second estate ( T r F)
True
50
Abbe sieyes suggested that the third estate should stop fighting and follow the nobles ( T r F)
False
51
The pledge the third estate made static they would not leave Versailles until a new constitution was written
Tennis court oath
52
On July 14, 1789 a mob tried to get gunpowder from the
Bastille
53
A wave of senseless panic the spread through the countryside was the
Great fear
54
Over 6,000 angry Parisian women rioted over the price of
Bread
55
The name of the kings palace outside of Paris is
Versailles
56
The constitution of 1791 created a government known as __________________ where the Kings power was limited by the law
Limited constitution monarchy
57
Radicals in the legislative assembly wanted to...
Remove the king and create a republic
58
Scared enemies of the revolution restoring the king to power, the people of Paris killed hundreds of prisoners in an event known as the
September massacre
59
The most radical political club in Paris was known as the
Jacobin club
60
In September 1792, led by the jacobins, the new national convention abolished the monarchy and established a
Republic
61
The purpose of the committee of public safety was to protect the revolution from its enemies
true
62
Robespierre used the committee of public safety to eliminate his own friends and associates because they challenged his power
True
63
Most people killed in the region of terror were
Peasants
64
The last person executed by guillotine in the region of terror was
Robespierre
65
With the reign of terror over, a new government was created with a bicameral legislative and a 5 member executive branch known as the
Directory
66
Ancient regime
A system where people of France were divided into 3 large classes, estates
67
Abbe Sieyes
Gave the idea that the 3rd estate delegates name them selfs the National Assembly
68
What did the declaration of rights of man say
Men are born and remain free and equal in rights
69
Olympus de Gouges
Published a declaration of rights of women
70
Charlotte cordet
Stabbed Marat and killed him
71
George’s Danton’s
Most talented and passionate speakers in the jacobins club
72
Legislative assembly center, left, right
Left- people who wanted radical change In government Center- moderate views Right- few to no change in gov
73
Emigres
Nobles who fled from France
74
Peninsular war
Guerrillas fought by fighting then hiding and Napoleon was not able to fight this strategy’s, he lost 300,000 men
75
Congress of Vienna
A peace conference to stabilize Europe
76
Who ran the congress of Vienna
Metternich( Austria ) Castlereigh( Great Britain) Alexander I ( russia ) Talleyrand ( France)
77
The congress restored
Absolute monarchs and created a balance of power
78
What is a balance of power
All counties are equal so that non could take Over the others
79
Coup d’etat
Seizure of power
80
Plebiscite
Vote of the people
81
Lycees
Gov run public schools
82
Napoleonic code
Comprehensive series of laws
83
Concordat
Agreement to allow Catholic in France
84
Adam smith claimed the government should play an active role in the economy (t or f)
False
85
Thomas Malthus believed that wars and epidemics are necessary to kill off extra people or else everyone would become poor and miserable (t or f)
True
86
Jeremy Bentham argues that government should try to promote the greatest food for the greatest number of people (t or f)
True
87
Socialists believe that free market capitalism should plan the economy (t or f)
False
88
Karl Marx predicted that the workers would overthrow the owners (t or f)
True
89
Marxism inspired revolutions in Russia China and Cuba (t or f)
True
90
Unskilled workers led the way in forming unions because there was such a great number of them (t or f)
False
91
In 1842 the mines act prevented women and children from working underground
True
92
The us abolished slavery before Britain did (t or f)
False
93
Two of the top reform movements dealt with public education and prison reform (t or f)
True

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