Unit 1

Question 1

Particle theory of matter

Answer 1

John Dalton

1) All matter is made up of particles
2) Atoms can’t be broken down further
3) Atoms can be rearranged with each other
4) Atoms of the same element are the same

Question 2

Valance shell

Answer 2

Outermost shell, only electrons that can change

Question 3

Atomic number

Answer 3

Number of protons and electrons

Question 4

Atomic mass

Answer 4

Total mass of protons and neutrons. Atomic mass- atomic number = number of neutrons

Question 5

Octet rule

Answer 5

Atom is most stable with a full shell of electrons

Question 6

Ions

Answer 6

Atoms that become charged through chemical bond s

Question 7

Anion

Answer 7

Negative, gains electrons. Non metals

Question 8

Cations

Answer 8

Positive, looses electrons. Metals

Question 9

Isotopes

Answer 9

A form of an element where the number of protons stays the same but the number of neutrons changes

Question 10

Isotopic abundance

Answer 10

What % of an isotope exists. Average atomic mass= (iso1)x+ (iso2)(1-x)

Question 11

Periodic law

Answer 11

If they are in the same column, they react the same because they have the same number of valence electrons. The further down you go, the more reactive you get

Question 12

Necular strength

Answer 12

The more protons, the greater the charge and make the atomic radio smaller because they draw electrons in

Question 13

Ionization energy

Answer 13

The amount of energy required to pull electrons away from an element

Question 14

Electron affinity

Answer 14

Energy change when a neutral atom gains an electron

Question 15

Electronegativity differences

Answer 15

The amount of energy required to pull electrons away from other atoms

Question 16

Ionic electronegativity difference

Answer 16

Greater then 1.7

Question 17

Polar covalent

Answer 17

1.7-0.5

Question 18

Covalent (non polar)

Answer 18

Below 0.5

Question 19

Radioactive decay

Answer 19

When unstable isotopes all of a sudden disintegrate

Question 20

Most common types of necular radiation

Answer 20

Alpha particles- Positively charged. Same structure of the nucleus of a helium atom. Slow moving
Beta particle- Negatively charged, identical to an electron. Fast moving
Gamma ray- High energy, electromagnetic. Fast moving

Question 21

When a molecule is polar it has….

Answer 21

Unequal sharing of electrons

Question 22

When a molecule is not polar is has…

Answer 22

Equal sharing of electrons

Question 23

Diatomic gasses

Answer 23

Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and column 17

Question 24

Intermolecular forces

Answer 24

Weak attractions between particles, not even 1/100 as strong as a bond

Question 25

Vander walls forces

Answer 25

Hydrogen bonding >dipole dipole> londen dispersion force

Question 26

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 26

H atoms are attracted to highly electronegative atoms (NOF)

Question 27

Dipole dipole forces

Answer 27

Attraction between the partial positive and negative charges of polar molecules

Question 28

Londen forces

Answer 28

The electrons in one molecule are attracted to the protons in another molecule. They are typically exhibited in non polar molecules. Happens because of temporary un balance of electrons. The more electrons, the greater the charge

Question 29

John Dalton

Answer 29

Billiard Ball model

Question 30

J.J. Thompson

Answer 30

Plum pudding model, discovered the electron

Question 31

Ernist Rutherford

Answer 31

Discovered the nucleas and protons

Question 32

Chadwick

Answer 32

Discovered neutrons

Question 33

Neils Bohr

Answer 33

Discovered hydrogen has a unique arrangement and that electrons orbit the atom

Question 34

When is ionization energy low

Answer 34

When the atomic radius is large therefore the electron s are far away from the nucleus (atomic radius increases with ionization energy and electron affinity)