Unit 1 Flashcards
what is a conclusion VS an argument?
conclusion- statement that someone is trying to prove
argument- set of reasons given in support of a claim
what is a descriptive claim?
what is believed to be right
what is a normative claim?
what is right and valuable, what ought to be done
what is an instrumental good?
a good that is of value because it aids in our pursuit of other goods (eg.money)
what is intristic good?
we value it for its own sake (eg. happiness)
Can things be both instrumental and intristic?
yes
What are value statements vs obligations
values make claims about what is good and bad
obligations make claims about what is right, or about ones right
what is a universal intention?
would be right for anyone in similar circumstances
what does it mean when something is morally good/bad?
doing something we should/should not do
for ultarians, there is no difference between good and ____
right
what is the general statement of utilitarian theory
An act is right if and only if there is no other action I could have done instead which would have produced a greater sum of utilities
what is an issue with utilitarianism?
can ignore the moral weight of relationships and morals
according to kant, obligation has nothing to do with ____
utility
what is maxim of action?
the statement someone might give about why they are doing something,
what is categorial imperative I
Act such that you can at the same time wish your maxim to be universal. ex. the only way to get into this party is to lie, so ill lie.
what is catergorial imperative II
Never treat a person as a mere means to an end. we cannot use people; they have to decide what he/she must do
what is autonomy?
we should each rule ourselves; someone who has carefully thought through a decisions who is well informed and under no pressure
what is pluralism?
the coexistence of two or more authorities/interests at once
what is beneficience?
doing what is good or best regardless of patients wishes
what is justice?
refers to moral action in general; how good and evils should be distributed among people
what are the three principles of medical ethics?
autonomy, beneficence and justice
what are the three kinds of medical issues and describe them all
1) autonomy and informed consent- respect for autonomy may outweigh beneficence
2) issues with the limits of medicine- ex. abortion and euthinasia
3) macro allocation- who should get access to scarce resources like organ transplants
what is a dead metaphor?
so apart of regular speech we dont recognize them
what is a generative metaphor?
may lead us to new insights or new ways of conceiving a problem
