Unit 1

Question 1

what is a conclusion VS an argument?

Answer 1

conclusion- statement that someone is trying to prove

argument- set of reasons given in support of a claim

Question 2

what is a descriptive claim?

Answer 2

what is believed to be right

Question 3

what is a normative claim?

Answer 3

what is right and valuable, what ought to be done

Question 4

what is an instrumental good?

Answer 4

a good that is of value because it aids in our pursuit of other goods (eg.money)

Question 5

what is intristic good?

Answer 5

we value it for its own sake (eg. happiness)

Question 6

Can things be both instrumental and intristic?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

What are value statements vs obligations

Answer 7

values make claims about what is good and bad

obligations make claims about what is right, or about ones right

Question 8

what is a universal intention?

Answer 8

would be right for anyone in similar circumstances

Question 9

what does it mean when something is morally good/bad?

Answer 9

doing something we should/should not do

Question 10

for ultarians, there is no difference between good and ____

Answer 10

right

Question 11

what is the general statement of utilitarian theory

Answer 11

An act is right if and only if there is no other action I could have done instead which would have produced a greater sum of utilities

Question 12

what is an issue with utilitarianism?

Answer 12

can ignore the moral weight of relationships and morals

Question 13

according to kant, obligation has nothing to do with ____

Answer 13

utility

Question 14

what is maxim of action?

Answer 14

the statement someone might give about why they are doing something,

Question 15

what is categorial imperative I

Answer 15

Act such that you can at the same time wish your maxim to be universal. ex. the only way to get into this party is to lie, so ill lie.

Question 16

what is catergorial imperative II

Answer 16

Never treat a person as a mere means to an end. we cannot use people; they have to decide what he/she must do

Question 17

what is autonomy?

Answer 17

we should each rule ourselves; someone who has carefully thought through a decisions who is well informed and under no pressure

Question 18

what is pluralism?

Answer 18

the coexistence of two or more authorities/interests at once

Question 19

what is beneficience?

Answer 19

doing what is good or best regardless of patients wishes

Question 20

what is justice?

Answer 20

refers to moral action in general; how good and evils should be distributed among people

Question 21

what are the three principles of medical ethics?

Answer 21

autonomy, beneficence and justice

Question 22

what are the three kinds of medical issues and describe them all

Answer 22

1) autonomy and informed consent- respect for autonomy may outweigh beneficence
2) issues with the limits of medicine- ex. abortion and euthinasia
3) macro allocation- who should get access to scarce resources like organ transplants

Question 23

what is a dead metaphor?

Answer 23

so apart of regular speech we dont recognize them

Question 24

what is a generative metaphor?

Answer 24

may lead us to new insights or new ways of conceiving a problem

Question 25

what is an argument from analogy?

Answer 25

Premise 1- A and B are similar in certain respects
Premise 2- We treat A in a certain way
Conclusion- we should treat B in the same way

Question 26

what is prima facie duty

Answer 26

in a given situation outweighs ones actual duty

Question 27

what are theoretical blind spots (in relation to feminism)

Answer 27

important areas of reality (females) that end to be overlooked or minimized