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Cell Biology 2203 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The Cell Theory

A

Every cell comes from other cells All living things are made of cells

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2
Q

What are the largest cells

A

Nerve Cells

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3
Q

What components do all cells have

A

Membrane Genetic Material Cytosol Ribosomes

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4
Q

What is the size of a typical Bacterial Cell

A

2.5 um (Micrometers)

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5
Q

What is the Central Dogma

A

DNA-> Transcribe to RNA-> Translate to Protein

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6
Q

Cell behavior and appearance are dictated by_____

A

Proteins

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7
Q

What are the functions of proteins

A

Chemical Catalysts (Enzymes) Structural Support Molecular motors (Neurons) Defense (Antibodies) Storage (Amino Acid reserves)

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8
Q

What is the Genome?

A

The entirety of all DNA in a cell

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9
Q

True or False: All cells in an organism have the same DNA

A

True

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10
Q

How do cells differentiate?

A

This is a result of selective usage of information in DNA by specific cells

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11
Q

True or False: Present day cells evolved from the same ancestral cells

A

True

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12
Q

A change in DNA

A

Mutation

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13
Q

Natural Selection

A

Interactions with the environment impact which changes are favored (or Not)

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14
Q

When was the first microscope invented

A

1600s

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15
Q

Resolution

A

Light’s properties limit how much we can see on the microscope

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16
Q

Who coined the Term “cells” in 1665

A

Hooke

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17
Q

Scanning electron microscopes allow you to view the _____ of the cell

A

Outside

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18
Q

Transmission Electron Microscopes allow you to view the ____ of the cell,

A

Inside

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19
Q

What is the size of most Eukaryotic cells

A

20-50 um (Micrometers)

20
Q

What are the 3 shapes of bacterial cells

A

Sphere (Streptococcus) Rods (E. Coli, Salmonella) Spiral (Treponema pallidum)

21
Q

The cell wall in plant cells protect against

A

osmotic pressures

22
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Encloses all internal components Controlls entry and exit of materials

23
Q

In bacterial cells, where is the genetic material stored?

A

It is not enclosed in a membrane, but localized in a nucleoid

24
Q

Flagellum

A

Whip-Like structure involved in movement. Not present on all bacterial cells

25
Q

Eukaryotic cells have___ ____ _____ Which prokaryotic cells do not have

A

Membrane-bound organelles

26
Q

Nucleus

A

Stores genetic material in a form of long DNA strands (Chromosomes) Includes a nuclear envelope

27
Q

Mitochondria

A

Release usable energy from food for cellular activities

28
Q

Where is the site of Cellular Respiration

A

Mitochondria

29
Q

How are food molecules oxidized to form ATP

A

Cellular Respiration

30
Q

What are the folds of the mitochondria

A

Cristae

31
Q

Double-Membraned organelle with inner membrane forming folds projecting into the interior of the organelle

A

Mitochondria

32
Q

Mitochondrial DNA comes from which parent

A

Mother Only

33
Q

True or False: Mitochondria replicate and divide on the same schedule as the rest of the cell.

A

False

34
Q

The idea that mitochondria evolved from engulfed bacterial cells to develop the ancestral eukaryotic cells

A

Endosymbiotic relationship

35
Q

What is the replication process for Mitochondria

A

Binary Fission

36
Q

True or False: Mitochondria can survive outside the cell on their own

A

False

37
Q

An organelle that takes energy from light to make food

A

Chloroplasts

38
Q

What is the process that takes energy from light to make food

A

Photosynthesis

39
Q

True or False: Chloroplasts are found in both plants and animals

A

False

40
Q

Double-Membraned organelle with an internal membrane interior made of sacs

A

Chloroplasts

41
Q

What do the sacs in the Chloroplasts contain?

A

Chlorophyll pigments

42
Q

What are the sacs in the Chloroplasts called

A

Grana (Granum)

43
Q

True or False: Chloroplasts replicate and divide on the same schedule as the rest of the cell.

A

False

44
Q

What are the three membranes of the Chloroplasts?

A

Outer, Inner, and Thylakoid

45
Q

What two organelles are thought to have evolved from the Endosymbiont Theory

A

Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

46
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Interconnected spaces wrapped in a single membrane; continuous with the Nuclear Envelope

47
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Makes components destined for export from the cell. Makes Membrane components (Usually Smooth ER). Rough ER is lined with ribosomes.

Cell Biology 2203 (5 decks)

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