Unit 1 Flashcards
The Cell Theory
Every cell comes from other cells All living things are made of cells
What are the largest cells
Nerve Cells
What components do all cells have
Membrane Genetic Material Cytosol Ribosomes
What is the size of a typical Bacterial Cell
2.5 um (Micrometers)
What is the Central Dogma
DNA-> Transcribe to RNA-> Translate to Protein
Cell behavior and appearance are dictated by_____
Proteins
What are the functions of proteins
Chemical Catalysts (Enzymes) Structural Support Molecular motors (Neurons) Defense (Antibodies) Storage (Amino Acid reserves)
What is the Genome?
The entirety of all DNA in a cell
True or False: All cells in an organism have the same DNA
True
How do cells differentiate?
This is a result of selective usage of information in DNA by specific cells
True or False: Present day cells evolved from the same ancestral cells
True
A change in DNA
Mutation
Natural Selection
Interactions with the environment impact which changes are favored (or Not)
When was the first microscope invented
1600s
Resolution
Light’s properties limit how much we can see on the microscope
Who coined the Term “cells” in 1665
Hooke
Scanning electron microscopes allow you to view the _____ of the cell
Outside
Transmission Electron Microscopes allow you to view the ____ of the cell,
Inside
What is the size of most Eukaryotic cells
20-50 um (Micrometers)
What are the 3 shapes of bacterial cells
Sphere (Streptococcus) Rods (E. Coli, Salmonella) Spiral (Treponema pallidum)
The cell wall in plant cells protect against
osmotic pressures
Cell Membrane
Encloses all internal components Controlls entry and exit of materials
In bacterial cells, where is the genetic material stored?
It is not enclosed in a membrane, but localized in a nucleoid
Flagellum
Whip-Like structure involved in movement. Not present on all bacterial cells
Eukaryotic cells have___ ____ _____ Which prokaryotic cells do not have
Membrane-bound organelles
Nucleus
Stores genetic material in a form of long DNA strands (Chromosomes) Includes a nuclear envelope
Mitochondria
Release usable energy from food for cellular activities
Where is the site of Cellular Respiration
Mitochondria
How are food molecules oxidized to form ATP
Cellular Respiration
What are the folds of the mitochondria
Cristae
Double-Membraned organelle with inner membrane forming folds projecting into the interior of the organelle
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA comes from which parent
Mother Only
True or False: Mitochondria replicate and divide on the same schedule as the rest of the cell.
False
The idea that mitochondria evolved from engulfed bacterial cells to develop the ancestral eukaryotic cells
Endosymbiotic relationship
What is the replication process for Mitochondria
Binary Fission
True or False: Mitochondria can survive outside the cell on their own
False
An organelle that takes energy from light to make food
Chloroplasts
What is the process that takes energy from light to make food
Photosynthesis
True or False: Chloroplasts are found in both plants and animals
False
Double-Membraned organelle with an internal membrane interior made of sacs
Chloroplasts
What do the sacs in the Chloroplasts contain?
Chlorophyll pigments
What are the sacs in the Chloroplasts called
Grana (Granum)
True or False: Chloroplasts replicate and divide on the same schedule as the rest of the cell.
False
What are the three membranes of the Chloroplasts?
Outer, Inner, and Thylakoid
What two organelles are thought to have evolved from the Endosymbiont Theory
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Interconnected spaces wrapped in a single membrane; continuous with the Nuclear Envelope
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Makes components destined for export from the cell. Makes Membrane components (Usually Smooth ER). Rough ER is lined with ribosomes.
