Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psychology > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Quantitative data?

A

numerical measurements of quantity or amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Qualitative data?

A

in textual or narrative from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 non experimental methods

A

observations, self-reports, case studies and correlations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Strengths of quantitative data

A

easy to analyse, as it can easily be placed in graph form. Also, its easy to compare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Weaknesses of quantitative data

A

lacks detail, unable to identify feelings, opinions and individual thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Strengths of qualitative

A

Very detailed, can find out thoughts, feelings and opinions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Weaknesses of qualitative

A

difficult to analyse, participants responses may be biased by the researchers own thoughts and feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

6 ethical issues

A

informed consent, deception, confidentiality, debriefing, withdrawl, protection of participants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

random sampling?

A

every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

strengths of random sampling

A

gives the most unbiased results, most generalised to population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

weaknesses of random sampling

A

difficult to gain access to names of all members of the target population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Weakness of opportunity sampling

A

biased sample as people are likely to be culturally and ethnically similar, may be unable to generalise findings to all members of the target population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

strengths of opportunity sampling

A

quick and convenient, useful for studies where similar characteristics are needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

self selected weakness

A

volunteers may be more confident so unlikely to be representative and cannot be generalised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

self selected strengths

A

quick and convenient, less likely to drop out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

weakness of snowballing

A

likely to be biased as they have similar characteristics, less representative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

likert?

A

strongly agree…. agree…neutral….disagree…..strongly disagree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

semantic-differential scale?

A

fun…….x…………….boring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

strengths of questionnaires

A

quick and easy to conduct, completed away from the researcher so more likely to gain honest responses, can collect quantitative and qualitative responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

weaknesses f questionnaires

A

people may misunderstand a question because they are completely independent, may not be returned, depending on types of questions used would determine if analyse is easy or difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

strengths of interviews

A

participants can ask for clarification on questions they do not understand, able to get more info, can collect both quantitative and qualitative data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

IV?

A

Conditions- what the experimenter manipulates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

DV?

A

measured- what is measured after changes to the IV have been made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

EV?

A

extraneous variables- other variables that may affect the DV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

lab experiment

A

carefully controlled

26
Q

field experiment

A

conducted In a more natural environment, however IV is still manipulated by the experimenter

27
Q

quasi experiment

A

not manipulated by the experimenter but is naturally occurring

28
Q

strengths and weaknesses of independent measure

A

low order effects and low demand characteristics. need more participants and high participant variable

29
Q

strengths and weaknesses of repeated measures

A

no participant variables and less participants needed. high demand characteristics and order effects

30
Q

strengths and weaknesses of matched pairs

A

low order effects and demand characteristics and reduces participant variables. However, need more participants

31
Q

difference between structured and unstructured observations

A

structured- tables of pre determined categories of behaviour. unstructured- records anything the researcher sees

32
Q

naturalistic and controlled observations

A

naturalistic- natural setting

33
Q

overt and covert

A

overt- where participants know they are being observed

covert- unaware they are being observed

34
Q

reliability

A

the consistency between and within the research

35
Q

validity

A

does it measured what was intended to measure

36
Q

what decreases reliability?

A

not standardised, interpreting questions differently, behaviours on the coding scheme can be interpreted differently

37
Q

type of internal validity

A

face, criterion, concurrent and construct

38
Q

types of external validity

A

ecological(generalise to settings or place) and population

39
Q

What decreases validity?

A

demand characteristics, extraneous variables, study taking place in an artificial environment, ambiguous questions, closed questions, social desirability bias

40
Q

what increases validity?

A

use deception to avoid demand characteristics, ambiguous questions, improve mundane realism, more open questions, allow anonymous responses, covert observation to reduce demand characteristics

41
Q

strengths of correlations

A

investigate relationships, good starting point for research, can see relationship clearly

42
Q

weakness of correlations

A

cause and effect cannot be established, third party variables may be an influencing factor

43
Q

measures of central tendancy

A

mode median or mean

44
Q

measures of central dispersion

A

range, variance and standard deviation

45
Q

when are bar charts used?

A

difference

46
Q

when are histograms used?

A

continuous data

47
Q

when are scatter graphs used?

A

correlations

48
Q

when are line graphs used?

A

behaviour over time

49
Q

when are pie charts used?

A

proportion

50
Q

nominal data

A

DV is in categories eg, pets- dog, cat,bird

51
Q

ordinal data

A

ordered or ranked

52
Q

interval data

A

measured on a scale eg, weight, height, time

53
Q

what was bocchiaros aim?

A

investigate accuracy of participants estimates of obedience and role of distributional factors on obedience disobedience and whistleblowing

54
Q

pilot tests of bocchiaro?

A

8 involving 92 undergraduates from VU university in amsterdam

55
Q

2 personality tests used in b study?

A

hexacopi-r and svo

56
Q

comparison group for b?

A

138- what would they do?

57
Q

number in experimental group for b

A

149

58
Q

comparison group vs experimental group results

A

experimental: o-76.5%, d-32.9%, w-14.1%
comparison: o-3.6%, d-31.9%, w-64.5%

59
Q

Milgram’s aim

A

level of obedience

60
Q

participants in m

A

40 males between ages of 20 and 50

61
Q

m results

A

65% obeyed to 450 volts, 100& obeyed to 300 volts

psychology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions