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Radiation Biology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of energy from one point to another

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2
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Energy to knock out inner shell electron from an atom

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3
Q

Radiobiology

A

How radiation affect biological tissue

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4
Q

Desquamation

A

Shedding of skin beyond skin reddening can be dry or moist

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5
Q

Epilation

A

Hair loss

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6
Q

Law of bergonie and tribondeau

A

Experimented on rodent testicles
1 stem cells are more radio sensitive
2 younger tissues are more radio sensitive
3 more metabolic activity in cell the more radio sensitive
4 greater rate of division of cell the more radiosensitive

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7
Q

Direct effects

A

Radiation interacts with target cell directly

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8
Q

Indirect effects

A

Radiation comes in and interacts with water which creates free radicals which interact with our cells

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9
Q

Fractionation theory

A

Giving multiple doses over a period of time rather than one large dose is better

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10
Q

Repopulation and protraction

A

When doses are lowered over time the normal non targeted tissues can heal themselves

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11
Q

Mutagenesis

A

Radiated fruit flies to see changes in genes but changes identical to what we see in nature just sped up
1927

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12
Q

Oxygen effect

A

Increased presence of oxygen increased radio sensitivity of cells

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13
Q

NRC

A

Nuclear regulatory commission

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14
Q

FDA

A

Good and drug administration

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15
Q

NCRP

A

National council on radiation protection and measurement

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16
Q

ICRP

A

International committee on radiological protection

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17
Q

Roentgen

A

Ionizations in the air and gamma rays only
1928
2.58x10^-4 coloumbs/ kilogram
Replaced by coulomb/kilogram

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18
Q

RAD

A

Radiation absorbed dose
1953
100 erg/g
Replaced by gray

19
Q

REM

A

Radiation equivalent to man-measures biological response

Replaced by sievert

20
Q

Cosmic radiation

A

Gets worse as higher in atmosphere

Sun, stars, outer space

21
Q

Terrestrial radiation

A

Inside earth, uranium, granite

22
Q

Internal radiation

A

Food: bananas, beer

23
Q

Artificial radiation

A

Nuclear power, X-rays

24
Q

What percent of a persons overall radiation exposure is from medical procedures?

A

50%

25
Q

Average annual dose in the US

A

6.2 mSv

Per day person gets .017 mSv

26
Q

Occupation limit

A

50 mSv

27
Q

Student limit

A

1 mSv

28
Q

What is the lowest frequency EM waves

A

Radio waves

29
Q

What is the highest frequency EM waves

A

X-rays and gamma rays

30
Q

Alpha particles

A 
Emitted from atoms as a process of radioactive decay
Made of two protons and two neutrons 
Positive charge
Low ability to penetrate matter
Lose energy quickly 
Easily absorbed by skin, paper
31
Q

Bets particles

A

Essentially electrons in motion
Emitted from atoms as a process of radioactive beta decay
Medium ability to penetrate matter
Less likely to interact with matter than alpha particles
Can be shielded with wood or lead shielding

32
Q

Gamma rays

A 
Radiation oncology
Similar to X-rays-come from nucleus
Emitted from nucleus of cell
Highest frequency and shortest wavelength 
High energy
33
Q

Skin erythema

A

Unit used from 1900-1939 to measure radiation exposure

34
Q

Coulomb

A

Basic unit of electrical charge

35
Q

Air kerma

A 
Acronym for:
Kinetic energy released in matter
Kinetic energy released in material
Kinetic energy released per unit mass
Expresses radiation concentration transferred to a point
36
Q

DAP

A

Sum of total air kerma over exposed area of patients surface

MGy-cm^2

37
Q

Absorbed dose

A

Amount of energy per unit mass absorbed by an irradiated object
Biological damage

38
Q

Absorbed dose is dependent on:

A

Atomic number of the tissue
Mass density of the tissue
Energy of the incident photon

39
Q

Equivalent dose

A

EqD=D xWr

Sv=Gy xWr

40
Q

Radiation weighting factor

A

Dimensionless factor used for radiation protection to account for differences in biological impact among various types of ionizing radiation

41
Q

Linear energy transfer

A

Amount of energy transferred in average by incident radiation to an object per unit length of track through the object
How much energy it gives off as traveling
High LET=more damaging
Low LET=more picky
KeV/um

42
Q

Effective dose

A

EfD=D x Wr x Wt

Sv=Gy x Wr x Wt

43
Q

Tissue weighting factor

A

Takes into account the relative detriment job to each specific organ and tissue

Radiation Biology (4 decks)

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