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General Anatomy > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four ROTATOR CUFF muscles?

A

“SITS”

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatous

Teres MINOR

Subscapularis

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2
Q

What are the Lateral, Posterior, & Medial cords of the Brachial Plexus

named in relation to?

A

wrt the AXILLARY ARTERY

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3
Q

Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Actions:

Serratus Anterior

A
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4
Q

What innervates the Teres MAJOR?

What muscle group must it innervate BEFORE innervating the teres major?

Where does the Teres MAJOR insert?

A

Lower subscapular nerve (C5,C6) innervates the teres major

First, it must innervate the lower part of the subscapularis

Teres Major inserts on the medial lip of intertubercular sulcus

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5
Q

What does the term “posterior triangle” refer to?

A

refers to the area of the anterolateral neck

where the ventral rami supplying the upper limb begin to form the brachial plexus

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6
Q

DELTOID

What are its anterior functions?

A
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7
Q

What is the Suprascapular Notch & Ligament,

and what 2 structures go underneath it, and in which direction?

Anteriorly, what is the SS Notch & Lig right next to?

A

Suprascapular nerve & Artery go through suprascapular notch & lig

from front to back

Right next to the coracoid process (anterior)

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8
Q

Axilla

Name its 5 POSTERIOR boundaries

A
  1. Humerus
  2. Teres MAJOR
  3. Latissimus Dorsi
  4. Subscapularis
  5. Scapula
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9
Q

What INNERVATES the Deltoid?

A

The AXILLARY nerve (C5, C6), which is part of the Posterior Cord

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10
Q

What muscle does Rib 1 attach to?

A

Scalene muscles

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11
Q

What muscle do Ribs 3-5 attach to?

A

Pectoralis minor muscles

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12
Q

Axilla

Name its 2 MEDIAL boundaries

A
  1. Serratus ANTERIOR
  2. Rib
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13
Q

What is the medial & lateral articulations of the clavicle?

A

Medial: sternum

Lateral: acromion process of the scapula

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14
Q

What part of the scapula does the humeral head articulate to?

A

glenoid fossa

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15
Q

What INNERVATES the Teres Major?

A

Lower subscaspular nerve (C5, C6)

of the Posterior Cord

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16
Q

The Platysma is a muscle of…

A

Facial expression

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17
Q

INNERVATION: Teres MINOR

What other muscle does this nerve innervate?

Is this muscle also a rotator cuff muscle, like the Teres Minor?

A

The Axillary Nerve (C5,C6) of the Posterior Cord

This nerve also innervates the Deltoid

Unlike the Teres Minor, the deltoid is NOT a rotator cuff muscle

18
Q

Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Actions:

Pectoralis Major

A
19
Q

ORIGIN, INSERTION, FUNCTION of

SUBSCAPULARIS

A
  • Origin:
    • Subscapular fossa of the scapula
  • Insertion:
    • Lesser tubercle of humerus
  • Function:
    • Medially rotates the arm at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint
    • (i.e. INTERNAL rotation)
20
Q

Axilla

Name its 2 ANTERIOR boundaries

A
  1. Pectoralis MAJOR
  2. Pectoralis MINOR
21
Q

What nerves form the BRACHIAL PLEXUS?

A

Ventral rami of C5-T1

22
Q

What are the names of these parts of the sternum?

A
23
Q

Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Function:

Pectoralis Minor

A
24
Q

What is the ORIGIN, INSERTION, & FUNCTON

of the Teres MINOR?

What kind of muscle is the Teres Minor?

A
  • Origin:
    • Middle part of the lateral border of the scapula
  • Insertion:
    • Inferior aspect of greater tubercle (“lesser tubercle”) of humerus.
  • Function:
    • Minor EXTERNAL rotator

The Teres MINOR is a Rotator Cuff muscle

25
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the floor

of the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior Scalene

Middle Scalene

26
Q

What INNERVATES the Subscapularis?

A

Upper & Lower subscapular nerves (C5,C6)

of the Posterior cord

(middle nerve is called the “thoracodorsal”)

27
Q

Name these sections of the Shoulder Joint

A
28
Q

What INNERVATES the

SUPRAspinatus & INFRAspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

on the Superior Trunk

29
Q

DELTOID

What are its posterior functions?

A
30
Q

What big vein is superficial to the SCM muscle in the posterior triangle?

A

External jugular vein

31
Q

Posterior Triangle: What cervical nerves does the Phrenic nerve originate from?

A

C3, C4, C5

32
Q

What is “scapular winging?”

What nerve is damaged (primarily) that results in scapular winging?

What other nerve, when damaged, results in it? What muscle does this paralyze?

A
33
Q

Describe the Shoulder (aka “_______”) Joint

A

Shoulder (aka “Glenohumeral”) Joint

  • Synovial ball & socket joint
  • Relatively unstable due to:
    • lack of bony contact
    • absence of muscular support INFERIORLY​
  • ​Result:
    • Great range of mvmt
    • High incidence of dislocation
      • ​socket is much smaller than head of humerus
34
Q

SIX INTRINSIC SHOULDER MUSCLES

  • Four of which are what kind of muscles?
  • Describe the innervation of these 6 muscles
A

SIX INTRINSIC SHOULDER MUSCLES

  • Four of which are ROTATOR CUFF muscles

INNERVATION:

  • 4 peripheral nerves (Of the Brachial Plexus) innervate all 6
    • ​3 nerves branch from POSTERIOR CORD
      • ​One is terminal, two are pre-terminal
    • One nerve branches from SUPERIOR TRUNK

​All four**carry fibers derived from**C5 & C6 ONLY!!!!!!

35
Q

What does the shoulder (pectoral) girdle consist of? (2)

A

Clavicle

Scapula

36
Q

What forms the “cervical plexus?”

A

Ventral rami of C1-4

37
Q

Where is the Shoulder Joint capsule the WEAKEST?

A

INFERIORLY

almost all of the support in the shoulder joint comes from above

38
Q

What is the QUADRANGULAR SPACE?

  • What 2 structures go through this space?
    • What can negatively affect these structures?
  • What are the 4 borders that make up this space?
A

Two things go through the Quadrangular Space:

  1. Axillary Nerve (innerv. delts & teres minor)
  2. Posterior circumflex humeral artery

​Both structures affected by anteroinferior shoulder dislocation

Boundaries:

  1. Superior: the teres minor
  2. Inferior: the teres major
  3. Medially: the long head of the triceps brachii
  4. Laterally: the surgical neck of the humerus
39
Q

Around how many ribs does the Axilla span?

A

~ 5 ribs

40
Q

Teres MAJOR is an ______ rotator and _______ of the humerus

It is NOT what kind of muscle?

A

Teres major is an internal rotator and adductor of the humerus

It is NOT a rotator cuff muscle (that’s Teres MINOR)

41
Q

What does the “superficial chest” refer to?

A

‘Superficial chest’ refers to:the anterior group of extrinsic shoulder muscles:

• Pectoralis major and minor

•Serratus anterior

42
Q

What are the 3 boundaries of the Posterior Triangle?

A
  1. SCM
  2. Trapezius
  3. Clavicle

General Anatomy (3 decks)

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