Unit 1

Question 1

Atomic Number

Answer 1

Number of Protons

Question 2

Ions

Answer 2

When atom loses or gains an electron

Question 3

Isotopes

Answer 3

elements with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 4

Alpha Radiation

Answer 4

two protons & two neutrons are released from atom

Question 5

Beta Radiation

Answer 5

when electron is released from nucleus neutron breaks down into proton and electron

Question 6

Proton/Neutron Radiation

Answer 6

Unlikely, but can happen yo

Question 7

Positron

Answer 7

particle with mass identical to electron but positive charge

Question 8

Positron Radiation

Answer 8

When proton and electron form neutron and positron

Question 9

Gamma Radiation

Answer 9

Energetic form of light energy given off in quantum

Question 10

Becquerel (Bq)

Answer 10

SI unit for rate of decay

Question 11

Nuclear Stability

Answer 11

First 20 Elements, # of protons/neutrons equal After First 20, elements need more neutrons than protons

Question 12

Strong Nuclear Force

Answer 12

Holds protons together

Question 13

Above the Belt

Answer 13

Too many neutrons undergo Beta Radiation

Question 14

Below the Belt

Answer 14

Too many protons undergo positron emission

Question 15

Nuclei w/atomic #’s greater than 83

Answer 15

Too heavy undergo Alpha Radiation

Question 16

To find energy produced in reaction

Answer 16

1.) Find mass difference in kG between reactants/products 2.) Use E=mc2

Question 17

Mass Defect

Answer 17

all nuclei have smaller mass than sum of their subatomic particles mass is being converted into Strong Nuclear Force

Question 18

To find Nuclear Binding Energy

Answer 18

1.) Find mass difference in Kg between nucleus/sum of subatomic particles 2.) Use E=mc2

Question 19

Nuclear Fission

Answer 19

Splitting unstable nucleus & releasing energy

Question 20

Nuclear Fussion

Answer 20

Two nuclei fusing & releasing energy

Question 21

Electromagnetic Radiation

Answer 21

form of energy that acts like a wave through space

Question 22

Blackbody Radiation

Answer 22

When objects are heated the release energy in light that is not emitted continuously like a wave should be

Question 23

Planck’s View on Light

Answer 23

blackbody object release light in form of Quantam

Question 24

Quantam

Answer 24

Minimum amount of energy an atom can gain or lose

Question 25

Photon

Answer 25

light particle w/ no mass

Question 26

Monochromatic

Answer 26

Light emitted in single wavelength

Question 27

Polychromatic

Answer 27

Light that emits multiple wavelengths (white light)

Question 28

Niels Bohr Model

Answer 28

Electrons in atom orbit nucleus like planets around sun Electrons are waves too

Question 29

Absortion

Answer 29

When photon excites atom and moves electron to higher energy level

Question 30

Emission

Answer 30

When electron drops down energy level and releases photon

Question 31

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

Answer 31

impossible to know both position and velocity of electron at same time

Question 32

Orbital

Answer 32

3D region around nucleus where electron is likely to be

Question 33

Quantum Numbers

Answer 33

describes properties of atomic orbitals and electrons that reside in them

Question 34

Useful Equations

Answer 34

n= number of subshells in energy level 2n+1= number of orbitals in each subshell n^2= number total orbitals

Question 35

Aufbau Principle

Answer 35

Electron will occupy lowest energy level that will accept it

Question 36

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 36

No two electrons can have same 4 quantum numbers

Question 37

Hund's Rule

Answer 37

every orbital of given energy level can only accept one electron until all orbitals have at least one

Question 38

Coulombs Law

Answer 38

Relates force between two charged particles F= (Q₁)(Q₂) **/** d²

Question 39

Atomic Radius

Answer 39

Distance from center of atom to furthest electron

Question 40

Ionic Size

Answer 40

More electrons you gain, bigger you get

Question 41

Ionization Energy

Answer 41

Energy needed to remove an atoms electron

Question 42

Electronegativity

Answer 42

elements ability to attract electrons in covalent bond