Unit 1

Question 1

K⁺ equilibrium potential

Answer 1

-80 mV

Question 2

Ca²⁺ equilibrium potential

Answer 2

123 mV

Question 3

Na⁺ equilibrium potential

Answer 3

62 mV

Question 4

Cl^- equilibrium potential

Answer 4

-65 mV

Question 5

Toxin produced by dinoflagellate

blocks Na⁺ channels so action potential cannot be initiated

Answer 5

Saxitoxin

Question 6

Toxin produced by Colombian frog

causes voltage-gated Na⁺ channels to open at more negative values

Answer 6

Batrachotoxin

Question 7

Toxin produced in the ovaries of puffer fish

stops axons from firing

used to study what happens when part of the brain is silenced

used to block pain

Answer 7

Tetrodotoxin (TTX)

Question 8

Local anesthetics

Answer 8

Lidocaine, novacaine

block voltage-gated Na⁺ channels

Question 9

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters

Answer 9

Glutamate

Glycine

GABA

Question 10

Amine neurotransmitters

Answer 10

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Dopamine (DA)

Norepinephrine (NE)

Serotonin (5-HT)

Epinephrine, histamine

Question 11

Peptide neurotransmitters

Answer 11

somatostatin

enkephalins (Enk)

substance P

oxytocins