Unit 1 Flashcards
Illiteracy rate in Russia
83%
Why was Emancipation of 1864 not fair?
49annual payments,
6% interest rate
landlords received 2/3 of land leaving work quality land to peasants.
On average peasants lost 4.1%
Landowners granted financial compensation of Treasury bonds, whereas peasants received 100% mortgage
Moral reasons Emancipation
Alexander II liberal in thinking tutored by liberal Zhukovsky and Merder.
Traveled the Empire in his youth served in the Council of State and led a serfdom committee
What did General D. Miluytin advice?
Reform of the Russian army impossible until serfdom ceased to exist.
Only reform f foundations of Russian society would allow effective military capacity to be restored.
Crimean war highlighted?
Though loss of Sebastopol-major naval base the ive reliance on serfdom
Despite 45% spending on Army it was a failure
Emancipation and Industrialisation
allow a mobile work force to form stimulating growth of cities, industry
wider prospective with more varied careers
Emancipation debt?
when in debt nobles would mortgage their serfs.
Serfdom system allowed no system of wages.
By 1855, Russia was in 55m roubles debt
Censorship
1863- Placed under industry of internal affairs
Minister of Education
62-67 Golovin; replaced by reactionary Tolstoy in ‘68.
What is to be done?
‘63 Chernyshevsky
circulated ideas of peasants being leaders of revolutionary change, insight ing unrest in the capital
“Catechism of Revolutionary”
1869- by Bakunin, Nechaev
Das Kapital
1872- Karl Marx
Young Russia
1862- student group organised arson in St. Petersburg destroyed 200 shops
When did populism emerge?
1869-72
Political crimes
1878- tried in secret in military courts
Vera Zashulich 153 out of 193 defendants acquitted.
