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MCP > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What is an example of a small diffusible signaling molecule?

A

NO for vasodilation (also CO)

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1
Q

What is the highest affinity to lowest affinity receptor binding in the body?

A

Highest - endocrine b/c of low conc of hormones in the blood

Intermediate - paracrine b/c they have a short distance to travel

Lowest - neurons b/c they have high conc in a small space

Variable - contact dependent

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2
Q

Where do Eiconsinoids bind? And what inhibits its function?

A

Surface receptors. Cortisone and aspirin stop the inflammation.

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3
Q

What are the three classes of surface receptors?

A

Ion-linked receptor, G-protein linked receptor, enzyme-linked receptor

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4
Q

What is calmodulin?

A

A protein that changes conformation when calcium ions bind to it. Activates CAM kinases.

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5
Q

What does the Gq-linked receptor do?

A

Activates phospholipase C

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6
Q

What are proteins that bind phosphotyrosines called?

A

SH2 domains

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7
Q

What are two pathways for Receptor Tyrosine Kinases?

A

Phospholipase c (gamma) will activate DAG and IP3

Ras activation

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8
Q

What will Ras activate?

A

MAP kinase (mitogen activated protein kinase)

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9
Q

What are the 6 types of cell interactions called?

A

Tight junctions, adherens junction, desmosome junctions, gap junction, hemidesmosome junction, focal adhesions

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10
Q

What are the Adherens Junction?

A

Cell to cell interaction with cadherins, anchored by actin. Part of the stability of the epithelial tube that will become the spinal cord.

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11
Q

What are focal adhesions?

A

Uses integrins that bind the cell (actin) to the ECM

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12
Q

What is a desmosome junction?

A

Cell to cell interaction that uses cadherins, anchored by intermediate filaments (keratin)

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13
Q

What is a hemidesmosome junction?

A

Cell to ECM that uses integrins, binds to intermediate filaments.

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14
Q

What is Pemphigus?

A

Auto immune disease, antibodies against cadherins. Leads to blistering, can be fatal.

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15
Q

What is Epidermolysis bullosa simplex? (EBS)

A

Defect in keratin assembly. Leads to blistering, can be fatal.

16
Q

What are the major proteins of tight junctions?

A

Claudin and occludin

17
Q

What is the protein component of gap junctions?

A

Connexin, form (6 associated) pores called connexon

18
Q

How can gap junctions be regulated?

A

Can be open by low intracellular calcium conc or high pH.

19
Q

What is collagen used for?

A

Tensile strength. Ehlers-danlos syndrome results in stretchy skin

20
Q

How is collagen made?

A

Types 1,2,3. Post translational modifications allow pro-collagen to form triple helix and be secreted. Collagenase clip off pro-peptides allowing collagen to form higher structure.

4 - cannot have pro-peptides clipped and will form a mesh

21
Q

What gives stretch character?

A

Elastin (high proline conc)

22
Q

What does fibrillin do?

A

Forms sheath around elastin to limit stretching

23
Q

What is the main function of fibronectin?

A

Has many binding sites and can link a lot if things together. Laminin does the same with some different sites.

24
Q

What is the basal lamina made of?

A

Type 4 collagen, laminin, proteoglycans

25
Q

What is an example of a somatic mosaicism disease?

A

Lymphoma of leukemia

26
Q

What are cohesins and condensins?

A

Cohesins link sister chromatids

Condensins help condense the chromosomes

27
Q

What is the APC?

A

Anaphase promoting complex triggers securin to remove seperase which cleaves the cohesins and allows chromatids to be pulled apart.

28
Q

What controls the breakdown of proteins involved with the cell cycle (securin and cyclins)?

A

E3 ubiquitin ligase

29
Q

What are tropic factors and how are they used?

A

Released by target cells or nerves, will tell a nerve to survive but only enough factor for one nerve

30
Q

What is Bad and what does it do?

A

Pro-apoptotic protein that is silenced upon phosphorylation. If it is not it opens bad channels which ever equally releases cytochrome c into the cell.

31
Q

What is the large T antigen?

A

Produced by SV40 virus, binds Rb and P53 and promotes cancer growth.

32
Q

What drug is effective against ESBLs?

A

Carbapenems

MCP (2 decks)

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