Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

critical care > unit 1&2 > Flashcards

unit 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

4 signs after extubation that are not good

A

Stridor
Hoarseness
Change in vital signs
Low oxygen saturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 ventilator settings

A

FiO2 (usually starting around 50%)

Tidal Volume (VT)

  • 6 to 8 mL/kg (ideal weight)
  • Adjusted according to peak and plateau pressures

Respiratory rate
-12-20 breaths initially

I:E ratio; normal 1:2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment of ARDS

Positioning

A

Prone positioning/Continuous lateral rotation therapy

Weight of heart off of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Informed consent, refusal of consent, or withdrawal of consent for health care, unless stated in the advance directive.

A

Health care decision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Actions intended to benefit the patients or others

A

Beneficence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

type of ventillator alarm that patients biting on tube, secretions blocking tube

A

High pressure alarm-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

spontaneous breathing with ventilator on ‘flow by’ and PS=0 with PEEP=0

A

weaning trial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Delivery of positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) without artificial airway

A
  • Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

- Bi-level Continuous Airway Pressure (BiPAP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is used for the reversal of opioids

A

naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ROME=

A

respiratory opposite metabolic equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

deliver oxygen at 1L to 6L/min (24-44% FiO2)

A

Nasal Cannula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pH- 7.39 =
PaCO2- 50 ↑
PaO2- 60 ↓
HCO3- 30 ↑

is an example of ________ that is _____ compensated

A

respiratory acidosis that is fully compensated

normal pH but more toward the acidic side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Being fair or just to the wider community in terms of the consequences of an action. In health care, justice is described as the fair allocation or distribution of health care resources

A

Justice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

normal pH value

A

7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

if the HCO3 is ______, that means the body has more base

A

elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

4 ways to verify placement of endotrachial tube placement

A

symmetrical chest rising
listen for bilateral lung sounds
end tidal co2 decector (change of color)
chest xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A competent adult who has not been expressly designated to make health care decisions for an incapacitated person, but is authorized by state statute to make health care decisions for the person.

A

Proxy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

room air is ____%

A

21 %

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 main adverse effects of benzodiazipines

A 
respiratory depresion 
lower bp (ortho hypo)
paradoxal agitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

With hyperventilation, the PaCO2 is ___ and a greater amount of___ is leaving the body

A

low

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

7 Symptoms of ARDS

A

Dyspnea and tachypnea
Hyperventilation with normal breath sounds
Respiratory alkalosis
Increased temperature and pulse
Worsening chest x-rays that progress to “white out”
Increased PIP on ventilation
Eventual severe hypoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

type of ventillator alarm that patients not breathing

A

Apnea alarm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

An alternate term with less-negative connotations, but essentially meaning DNR.

A

Allow natural death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

With hypoventilation, the PaCO2 is____

—the patient is not breathing adequately ( the respiratory rate may be fast but the depth of the respirations may be shallow, the respiratory rate may be slow which means not as much ventilation)

A

high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A ________ blood gas will have an abnormal pH and will have abnormal values for both the PaCO2 and the HCO3

A

partially compensated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

7 most common reasons for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

A 
Sepsis 
Aspiration 
Trauma 
Near drowning 
Drug overdose
Oxygen toxicity 
Fat embolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Actions intended not to harm or bring harm to others

A

Nonmaleficence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

3 main types of opioids

A

fentanyl
mopphine
hydromorphone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

8 Late signs of hypoxia

A 
confusion
stupor
bradypnea
bradycardia (an ominous sign)
hypotension
cyanotic skin 
respiratory acidosis. 
dysrthymias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Movement of gases into lungs through positive pressure

A

Positive Pressure Ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

4 things Endotracheal intubation are used to do

A

Maintain an airway
Remove secretions
Prevent aspiration
Provide mechanical ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

3 things needed at the bedside when you have a patient with a Tracheostomy

A

Suction, size down cannula, obturator needed at the bedside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Provide humidification flow for rates greater than __L/min

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A ______ bood gas will have an abnormal pH and one of the values (either the PaCO2 or the HCO3) will be abnormal and the other will be normal depending on the acid/base imbalance.

A

uncompensated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

for ventilator settings how do you set tidal volume

A

Take 6-8 ml and multiply by the weight in kg (start at 6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Intervention with the intent of preserving life, restoring health, or reversing clinical death.

A

Resuscitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q 
pH = 7.49
PaCO2 = 28
PaO2 = 70 
HCO3 = 24 mEq/L

is an example of ________ that is _____ compensated

A

respiratory alkalosis

uncompensated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Be aware of the hepatotoxic effects of acetaminophen. Clients who have a healthy liver should take no more than _ g/day.

Make sure clients are aware of opioids that contain acetaminophen, such as hydrocodone bitartrate 5 mg/acetaminophen 500 mg.

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

5 things in the Ventilator bundle

A

Head of bed 30 degrees (prevent aspiration)
Awaken daily and assess readiness to wean
Stress ulcer prophylaxis
DVT prophylaxis
Oral care (chlorhexidine in some bundles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

A medical order that prohibits the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care to reverse signs of clinical death. The DNR order may or may not be specified in patients’ advance directives.

A

Do not resuscitate (DNR) order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Insertion of an endotracheal tube (ETT) through the mouth or nose

A

Endotracheal intubation

42
Q

normal paC02 value

A

35-45

43
Q

if properly placed an endotrachial tube will end up 3-4 cm above the ______

A

corina

44
Q

4 signs that a pateint can be weaned off vent

A

Follow Simple commands
Hemodynamic stable
No cardiac dysthymias
Adequate muscle strength

45
Q

The obligation to tell the truth

A

Veracity

46
Q

Head and neck cancer, cant be taken off of endotracheal tube ventilator within 10-14 days

are common reasons for

A

Tracheostomy

47
Q

refers to not enough oxygen in the blood

A

hypoxemia

48
Q

2 types of Neuromuscular blockade needed for Treatment of ARDS

A

Pancuronium

Vecuronium

49
Q

Treatment of ARDS

3 Comfort measures

A

Sedation
Pain relief
Neuromuscular blockade (paralytic need to be intubated)

50
Q

– end of life situation where patient decided they do not want to be intubated anymore and code status turns to DNR and extra opioids are given but not reintubated

A

Terminal weaning

51
Q

deliver oxygen at 4-10 L/min (24-50% FiO2)

A

Venturi Mask

52
Q

pH- 7.30 ↓
PaCO2- 50 ↑
PaO2-60 ↓
HCO3- 27 ↑

is an example of ________ that is _____ compensated

A

respiratory acidosis that is partialy compensated

53
Q

The moral duty to be faithful to the commitments that one makes to others

A

Fidelity

54
Q

A permanent, irreversible unconsciousness condition that demonstrates an absence of voluntary action or cognitive behavior, or an inability to communicate or interact purposefully with the environment.

A

Persistent vegetative state

55
Q

Patient is physically or mentally unable to communicate a willful and knowing health care.

A

Incapacity or incompetent decision

56
Q

soft flexable plastic inserted into nares helps facilitate suctioning and protect tissue

used for potential stroke patient

A

Nasopharyngeal airway

57
Q

Complete and irreversible cessation of brain function.

A

Brain death

58
Q

Witnessed written document or oral statement in which instructions are given by a person to express desires related to health care decisions. The directive may include, but is not limited to, the designation of a health care surrogate, a living will, or an anatomic gift.

A

Advance directive

59
Q 
pH = 7.39
PaO2 = 60 mmHg
HCO3 = 30 mEq/L
PaCO2 = 51 mmHg

is an example of ________ that is _____ compensated

A

respiratory acidosis

60
Q

every liter is __% more of FIO2

A

4%

61
Q

should check gastric residual every __ hours

A

4

62
Q

with a Tracheostomy No more than _____ seconds for suctioning

A

10-15

63
Q

A ________ blood gas will have a pH within the normal range and will have abnormal values for both the PaCO2 and the HCO3

A

fully compensated

64
Q

Respect for the individual and the ability of individuals to make decisions with regard to their own health and future (the basis for the practice of informed consent)

A

Autonomy

65
Q

for ventilator settings I:E ratio

A

1:2

66
Q
  • Noise reduction (quiet periods)
  • Calming music
  • Private areas for communication with family
  • Providing unrestricted visitation
  • Opening the curtains

are all Interventions to reduce ________

A

Interventions to reduce sensory overload

67
Q

A condition in which there is no reasonable medical probability of recovery and can be expected to cause death without treatment.

A

Terminal condition

68
Q

Treatment of ARDS

3 Oxygenation and ventilation

A
  • Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
  • Possible non-traditional modes of ventilation
  • Decrease Oxygen consumption
69
Q

A witnessed written document or oral statement voluntarily executed by a person that expresses the person’s instructions concerning life-prolonging procedures.

A

Living will

70
Q

complications with vents where Extended times of intubation alveoli capillary membrane is damaged and allows fluid to go into alveoli

A

Volutrauma

71
Q

deliver oxygen at 10-15l/min (80-95% FiO2)

A

Nonrebreather Mask

72
Q

suctiong a Tracheostomy is a _______ technique in the hospital but not in the home

A

sterile

73
Q 
pH= 7.31
PaCO2 = 32 mmHg
PaO2 = 89 mmHg
HCO3 = 20 mEq/L

is an example of ________ that is _____ compensated

A

metabolic acidosis

partially compensated

74
Q

Life-threatening episode of airway obstruction that may be unresponsive to common treatment.

A

Status Asthmaticus

75
Q

3 Indications for Ventilation

A

Hypoxemia
-PaO2 ≤ 60 mm Hg on FiO2 > .50

Hypercapnia
-PCO2 ≥ 50 mm Hg with pH ≤ 7.25

Progressive deterioration

  • Increasing RR
  • Decreasing VT (tidal volume)
  • Increase Work of breath
76
Q

6 nursing actions for Status Asthmaticus

A

oxygen
bronchodilators

Prepare for emergency intubation
IV fluids
epinephrine.
systemic steroid therapy

77
Q

Irreversible cessation of spontaneous ventilation and circulation.

A

Clinical death or cardiac death

78
Q

5 main adverse effects of opioids

A 
resp. depression 
constipation
n&V
urinanry retnetion 
lower bp (orthostatic hypotension)
79
Q

The POLST form is a medical order indicating a patient’s wishes regarding treatments that are commonly used in a medical crisis. The POLST complements the advance directive; it is not intended to replace it.

A

Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST)

80
Q

Monitors alveolar CO2-assesses trends in patient’s ventilation status

Exhalation at peak

May be used with any patient with a tracheostomy or ETT; patients with PCA; brain injured patients. (Or any patient where ventilation is a concern).

A

ETCO2 Monitoring

81
Q

how to measure a oral airway

A

corner of lip and angle of jaw

82
Q

Consent voluntarily given after a sufficient explanation and disclosure of information.

A

Informed consent

83
Q

if you inflate PEEP too high what can happen

A

Can cause reduced cardiac output if high and impedes venous return

84
Q

normal HCO3 value

A

22-26

85
Q

Normal ETCO2 values: _____mm HG

A

30-43

86
Q

deliver oxygen at 5L-12L (40-60% FiO2)

A

Simple Face Mask

87
Q

if the PaCO2 is elevated, that means the body has more ____

A

acid

88
Q

top 4 interventions for respiratory distress

A

raise head of bed
supplemental oxygen
suction
pain/ anxiety

89
Q

A competent adult designated by a person to make health care decisions should that person become incapacitated.

A

Surrogate

90
Q

Delivers the most precise flow of oxygen and is most commonly used for copd patients

A

venturi mask

91
Q

type of ventillator alarm that goes off if low exhaled volume (tube got disconnected)

A

Low pressure alarm

92
Q

deliver oxygen at 6-11 (40-75% FiO2)

mixture of oxyen and co2

A

Partial Nonrebreather Mask

93
Q

two meds that are used to prevent stress ulcers with vents

A

famotidine or pantoprazole (prevention)

94
Q

8 Early signs of poor oxygenation

A 
poor oxygenation
restlessness
pale skin
elevated blood pressure
tachycardia
tachypnea
respiratory alkalosis
symptoms of respiratory distress (use of accessory muscles, nasal flaring, adventitious lung sounds )
95
Q

normal O2 value

A

80-100

96
Q

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) settings

A

5-20 cm H2O

97
Q

Hard Plastic device to keep the tongue down and prevent occlusion of the airway

only used for patients with decreased LOC

A

Oral airway

98
Q

Oxygen toxicity can result from high concentration of oxygen (typically above ___%),

long duration of oxygen therapy (typically more than __ to __ hr)

A

50%

24-48

99
Q

Any medical procedure or treatment, including sustenance and hydration, that sustains, restores, or supplants a spontaneous vital function. Does not include the administration of medication or treatments deemed necessary to provide comfort care or to alleviate pain.

A

Life-prolonging procedure

100
Q

Hypoxemia

-PaO2 ≤ __ mm Hg on FiO2 > ___

A

60

.50

101
Q

Hypercapnia

-PCO2 ≥ __ mm Hg with pH ≤ ___

A

50

7.25

102
Q

Progressive deterioration includes what 3 things

A
  • Increasing RR
  • Decreasing VT (tidal volume)
  • Increase Work of breath

critical care (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions