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Computing > Unit 1 - 2 > Flashcards

Unit 1 - 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is primary storage?

A

ROM AS WELL
RAM - Part of the motherboard - Stores data, programs and instructions that are CURRENTLY IN USE - VOLATILE

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2
Q

What is the need for primary storage?

A

Gives processor fast access to data and instructions that primary memory holds

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3
Q

What is RAM?

A

Random access memory, can be read and written, holds data that is currently being used - VOLATILE

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4
Q

What is ROM?

A

Read only memory - NON VOLATILE - Also primary storage, can only be read, cannot be edited, ideal for storing data and instructions

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5
Q

What is the purpose of virtual memory?

A

Data is moved to virtual memory when RAM runs out of storage to store data - makes computer RUN SLOWER, processor has to wait for data to be swapped between virtual memory (hard disk) and RAM

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6
Q

What is secondary storage?

A

NON VOLATILE - LONG TERM STORAGE, used to keep data and programs indefinitely

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7
Q

What are the examples of secondary storage?

A

Magnetic storage - HARD DISK
Optical - DVD
Solid state drive (SSD) - USB,SSD (flash memory)

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8
Q

What is 4 bits known as?

A

A nibble

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9
Q

8 bits (2nibbles) is known as?

A

1 Byte

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10
Q

What is 1000 bytes?

A

1 kilobyte

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11
Q

What is 1000 kilobytes?

A

1 megabyte

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12
Q

What is 1000 megabytes?

A

1 gigabyte

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13
Q

What is 1000 gigabytes?

A

1 terabyte

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14
Q

What is 1000 terabytes?

A

1 petabyte

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15
Q

What are the 2 possible binary digits?

A

0 or 1

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16
Q

What is binary digit known as?

A

A bit

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17
Q

What is analogue data?

A

A real life signal that can vary in value (size)

18
Q

Give 3 examples of analogue data?

A

Sound waves, pressure, temperature

19
Q

Why do computer’s use binary?

A

They use digital electronics which can be only interpreted as on or off (0 or 1)

20
Q

What does A = in hexadecimal?

A

10

21
Q

What does F - in hexadecimal?

A

15

22
Q

What are the 4 types of binary/denary conversions?

A

Binary Conversion (DENARY AS WELL)
Binary shifts
Binary addition
Hexadecimal conversion

23
Q

Define character set?

A

Collection of characters used to represent text in a computer system which includes symbols and numbers which the computer will process and display

24
Q

What is ASCII?

A

A character set of character codes was developed to solve compatibility issues. NOT POSSIBLE TO REPRESENT ALL CHARACTERS

25
Q

What is unicode?

A

Uses 16 bits for each character and now has been expanded with other codes for 120000+ characters to try cover all symbols and characters

26
Q

What is the use of unicode?

A

Universal for all computer devices webpage software, web browsers use this encoding system to display text and even emoji’s

27
Q

Define pixel?

A

Described by binary numbers and are grouped to display pixelated imagery

28
Q

Define metadata?

A

Width and height of the data about data

29
Q

What are the bits per pixel?

A

More bits per pixel means higher definition and accuracy

30
Q

What is colour depth?

A

Length of code that determines the number of different colours displayed

31
Q

What is resolution?

A

Clarity of an image dependant on being displayed on a screen or paper (legibilty)

32
Q

What can affect file size?

A

Colour depth

33
Q

What is bit depth?

A

Number of bits to store each individual pixel

34
Q

What is the affect of bit depth?

A

Larger bit depth allows image to use more colours

35
Q

How do you calculate an image size?

A

Size = bit depth X number of pixels

36
Q

How do you calculate the size of a sound file?

A

Size = bit depth X sample rate X duration of sound

37
Q

Why is compression needed?

A

To make files smaller, usually in storage where there is limited capacity

38
Q

What is LOSSY compression?

A

Technique that results always in a permanent loss of data from a file, when decompressed, data is recreated into the file, this data is never exact

39
Q

What is lossless compression?

A

Technique used where no data is lost and when a file is decompressed the content and data is identical just as it was before being compressed

40
Q

Give examples of where you would use 1. Lossy and 2. Lossless

A
  1. An image given it might lose slight colour depth and the shading will become more average.
  2. Sound files may result in ower frequency
  3. Text files, do not want to lose
  4. Spreadsheets, do not want to lose

Computing (12 decks)

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