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AP World History: Modern > Unit 1-2 > Flashcards

Unit 1-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Bhakti Movement

A

Movement in Hinduism that refers to ideas and engagement that emerged in the medieval era on love and devotion to religious concepts built around one or more gods and goddesses

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2
Q

Sufism

A

mystical Islamic belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God

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3
Q

Baghdad

A

Capital of the Abbasid dynasty - defeated by Mongols - Sack of Baghdad

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4
Q

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

A

Islamic astronomer and mathematician who joined the Mongols who conquered Baghdad

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5
Q

Mamluks

A

a class of warrior-enslaved people, mostly of Turkic or Caucasian ethnicity, who served between the 9th and 19th century in the Islamic world

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6
Q

Mongols

A

nomadic people and formidable pastoralists who lived in the steppes of Central Asia

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7
Q

Ottoman Turks

A

a historical group that founded and controlled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922

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8
Q

Middle Ages

A

The historical period from around 500 A.D. up to around 1450 A.D. between the fall of Rome and the birth of the Renaissance

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9
Q

Feudalism

A

A political system in which lords gave lands to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty

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10
Q

vassals

A

a person who has entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe

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11
Q

fiefs

A

a piece of land that was granted to a vassal for services provided to their lord

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12
Q

three-field system

A

a rotational system for agriculture in which one-third of the land was planted in the autumn with winter crops, another third left fallow (unplanted), and the final third planted with spring crops

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13
Q

Code of Chivalry

A

A moral, social and religious code that was originally created to teach knights how to behave during Medieval times.

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14
Q

Primogeniture

A

means “firstborn.” In terms of inheritance, primogeniture dictates that the firstborn child will inherit the family title, property, and/or wealth.

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15
Q

serfs

A

a person who is forced to work on a plot of land, especially during the medieval period when Europe practiced feudalism

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16
Q

interregnum

A

a period when normal government is suspended, especially between successive reigns or regimes

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17
Q

William the Conqueror

A

A Duke of Normandy who invaded England in 1066 and in doing so took control of the Kingdom of England

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18
Q

Magna Carta

A

Great Charter’ - an agreement made with King John of England in 1215 which limited his power and prevented arbitrary royal acts

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19
Q

Hugh Capet

A

King of France elected in 987 who founded the Capetian dynasty (after the Carolingians)

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20
Q

Joan of Arc

A

a medieval peasant who, claiming to receive visions from God, turned the tide of the Hundred Years’ War in favor of a French victory

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21
Q

Bourbons

A

a very notable French ruling family from 1589 to 1793 - 1814 to 1830

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22
Q

Hundred Years War

A

Major conflict between France and England (1337-1453) over rival claims to territory in France

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23
Q

Queen Isabella

A

Queen of Spain during the mid-15 century - oversaw unification of Catholic Spain

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24
Q

King Ferdinand

A

King of Spain during the mid-15 century - oversaw unification of Catholic Spain

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25
Q

Spanish Inquistition

A

a way for the Spanish monarchy to root out any heretics, or non-Christians living under their rule. It lasted from 1478 until 1834 and targeted Jews, Muslims and anyone who opposed the Spanish monarchy

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26
Q

Tatars

A

the Turkish word for the Mongol invaders in the periods of 1237-1238 and 1240-1241

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27
Q

Czar

A

Ruler of Russia

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28
Q

Ivan the Terrible

A

an influential Russian ruler in the late sixteenth century - Son of Ivan the Great - descended from the Mongols

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29
Q

Ming Dynasty

A

ruled China from A.D. 1368 to 1644, during which China’s population would double

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30
Q

foot binding

A

a cultural practice in China in which women’s feet were crushed in order to appear smaller

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31
Q

Shogun

A

japenese term for a powerful general who uses his military power to effectively become the ruling political figure

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32
Q

Code of Bushido

A

the strict ethical code followed by samurai warriors in feudal Japan

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33
Q

Delhi Sultanate

A

a Muslim kingdom that ruled parts of India from the 13th to the 16th centuries - founded by the Turks

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34
Q

Rajput Kingdoms

A

a group of Hindu princely states in India that flourished between the 8th and 16th centuries

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35
Q

Khmer Empire

A

a state of Southeast Asia that lasted from about ad 802 to 1431

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36
Q

Angkor Wat

A

an enormous Buddhist temple complex located in northern Cambodia

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37
Q

Hausa Kingdoms

A

a group of small independent city-states in northern central Africa between the Niger River and Lake Chad which flourished from the 15th to 18th century CE

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38
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

Capital of the Aztec Empire in Mexico

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39
Q

Temple of the Sun

A

the chief place of worship of the Inca people in their capital city of Cusco

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40
Q

Machu Picchu

A

an Inca settlement located in the High Andes of Peru in the Urubamba Valley, north of Cuzco

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41
Q

Burghers

A

the middle class of European society during the Middle Ages

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42
Q

Hanseatic League

A

a confederation of guilds and market towns in Northern Europe during the early modern period

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43
Q

Crusades

A

a series of Christian holy wars conducted against infidels—nonbelievers

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44
Q

Pope Innocent III

A

reformed the Roman Curia, reestablished and expanded the pope’s authority over the Papal States, worked tirelessly to launch Crusades to recover the Holy Land

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45
Q

Inquisition

A

Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy

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46
Q

Universal Church

A

the formidable power that that Catholic Church attained during the Middle Ages

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47
Q

Thomas Aquinas

A

A catholic saint who was part of a growing scholastic movement in late medieval Christianity, meaning he believed that knowledge was important and reason could coexist with faith

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48
Q

Genghis Khan

A

Mongolian warrior-ruler, one of the most famous conquerors of history, who consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia

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3
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49
Q

Mongol Empire

A

Empire formed by Genghis Khan that reached across most of Eurasia

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50
Q

Golden Horde

A

Russian designation for the Ulus Juchi, the western part of the Mongol empire, which flourished from the mid-13th century to the end of the 14th century

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51
Q

Kublai Khan

A

descendant of Genghis Khan who unified China under the Yuan Dynasty and was believed, by Confuscian leaders, to possess the Mandate of Heaven making him the rightful ruler of China

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52
Q

Timur Lang

A

leader of the Turkish nomads who filled the people of Europe and Asia with fear of having to relive the horror experienced during the Mongol expansion

53
Q

Tamerlane

A

Turkish conquerer, leader of a Turkish tribe that expanded to empire after series of conquests

54
Q

Mansa Musa

A

King of Mali - believed to be the wealthiest king in the history of the world

55
Q

movable type

A

Type in which each individual character is cast. on a separate piece of metal

56
Q

Bubonic Plague

A

a bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis, characterized by swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, and groin. In the fourteenth century, the Black Death swept across the world from China to Europe and killed up to 60% of Europe’s population

57
Q

Indian Ocean Trade

A

A series of merchants, states, and trade routes around the Indian Ocean that participted in a larger interconnected trade network

58
Q

Great Zimbabwe

A

A wealthy African trading empire that controlled much of the East African coast from the 11th to 15th centuries

59
Q

Kashgar

A

A city that served as a stopping point along the Silk roads and benefited heavily from merchant activity

60
Q

Samarkand

A

A city that served as a stopping point along the Silk roads and benefited heavily from merchant activity

61
Q

Xuanzang

A

Chinese Buddhist monk and scholar who is known for his journey to India in the 7th century to study Buddhism

62
Q

Marco Polo

A

A 13-century Italian explorer who is known for his travels throughout Asia

63
Q

Ibn Battuta

A

medival Muslim traveler who wrote one of the world’s most famous travel logs, the Rihlah

64
Q

Margery Kempe

A

A medieval mystic and author of the first English autobiography which relates her spiritual journey from wife and mother to Christian public speaker

65
Q

Movement in Hinduism that refers to ideas and engagement that emerged in the medieval era on love and devotion to religious concepts built around one or more gods and goddesses

A

Bhakti Movement

66
Q

mystical Islamic belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God

A

Sufism

67
Q

Capital of the Abbasid dynasty - defeated by Mongols - Sack of Baghdad

A

Baghdad

68
Q

Islamic astronomer and mathematician who joined the Mongols who conquered Baghdad

A

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

69
Q

a class of warrior-enslaved people, mostly of Turkic or Caucasian ethnicity, who served between the 9th and 19th century in the Islamic world

A

Mamluks

70
Q

nomadic people and formidable pastoralists who lived in the steppes of Central Asia

A

Mongols

71
Q

a historical group that founded and controlled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922

A

Ottoman Turks

72
Q

The historical period from around 500 A.D. up to around 1450 A.D. between the fall of Rome and the birth of the Renaissance

A

Middle Ages

73
Q

A political system in which lords gave lands to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty

A

Feudalism

74
Q

a person who has entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe

A

vassals

75
Q

a piece of land that was granted to a vassal for services provided to their lord

A

fiefs

76
Q

a rotational system for agriculture in which one-third of the land was planted in the autumn with winter crops, another third left fallow (unplanted), and the final third planted with spring crops

A

three-field system

77
Q

A moral, social and religious code that was originally created to teach knights how to behave during Medieval times.

A

Code of Chivalry

78
Q

means “firstborn.” In terms of inheritance, primogeniture dictates that the firstborn child will inherit the family title, property, and/or wealth.

A

Primogeniture

79
Q

a person who is forced to work on a plot of land, especially during the medieval period when Europe practiced feudalism

A

serfs

80
Q

a period when normal government is suspended, especially between successive reigns or regimes

A

interregnum

81
Q

A Duke of Normandy who invaded England in 1066 and in doing so took control of the Kingdom of England

A

William the Conqueror

82
Q

Great Charter’ - an agreement made with King John of England in 1215 which limited his power and prevented arbitrary royal acts

A

Magna Carta

83
Q

King of France elected in 987 who founded the Capetian dynasty (after the Carolingians)

A

Hugh Capet

84
Q

a medieval peasant who, claiming to receive visions from God, turned the tide of the Hundred Years’ War in favor of a French victory

A

Joan of Arc

85
Q

a very notable French ruling family from 1589 to 1793 - 1814 to 1830

A

Bourbons

86
Q

Major conflict between France and England (1337-1453) over rival claims to territory in France

A

Hundred Years War

87
Q

Queen of Spain during the mid-15 century - oversaw unification of Catholic Spain

A

Queen Isabella

88
Q

King of Spain during the mid-15 century - oversaw unification of Catholic Spain

A

King Ferdinand

89
Q

a way for the Spanish monarchy to root out any heretics, or non-Christians living under their rule. It lasted from 1478 until 1834 and targeted Jews, Muslims and anyone who opposed the Spanish monarchy

A

Spanish Inquistition

90
Q

the Turkish word for the Mongol invaders in the periods of 1237-1238 and 1240-1241

A

Tatars

91
Q

Ruler of Russia

A

Czar

92
Q

an influential Russian ruler in the late sixteenth century - Son of Ivan the Great - descended from the Mongols

A

Ivan the Terrible

93
Q

ruled China from A.D. 1368 to 1644, during which China’s population would double

A

Ming Dynasty

94
Q

a cultural practice in China in which women’s feet were crushed in order to appear smaller

A

foot binding

95
Q

japenese term for a powerful general who uses his military power to effectively become the ruling political figure

A

Shogun

96
Q

the strict ethical code followed by samurai warriors in feudal Japan

A

Code of Bushido

97
Q

a Muslim kingdom that ruled parts of India from the 13th to the 16th centuries - founded by the Turks

A

Delhi Sultanate

98
Q

a group of Hindu princely states in India that flourished between the 8th and 16th centuries

A

Rajput Kingdoms

99
Q

a state of Southeast Asia that lasted from about ad 802 to 1431

A

Khmer Empire

100
Q

an enormous Buddhist temple complex located in northern Cambodia

A

Angkor Wat

101
Q

a group of small independent city-states in northern central Africa between the Niger River and Lake Chad which flourished from the 15th to 18th century CE

A

Hausa Kingdoms

102
Q

Capital of the Aztec Empire in Mexico

A

Tenochtitlan

103
Q

the chief place of worship of the Inca people in their capital city of Cusco

A

Temple of the Sun

104
Q

an Inca settlement located in the High Andes of Peru in the Urubamba Valley, north of Cuzco

A

Machu Picchu

105
Q

the middle class of European society during the Middle Ages

A

Burghers

106
Q

a confederation of guilds and market towns in Northern Europe during the early modern period

A

Hanseatic League

107
Q

a series of Christian holy wars conducted against infidels—nonbelievers

A

Crusades

108
Q

reformed the Roman Curia, reestablished and expanded the pope’s authority over the Papal States, worked tirelessly to launch Crusades to recover the Holy Land

A

Pope Innocent III

109
Q

Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy

A

Inquisition

110
Q

the formidable power that that Catholic Church attained during the Middle Ages

A

Universal Church

111
Q

A catholic saint who was part of a growing scholastic movement in late medieval Christianity, meaning he believed that knowledge was important and reason could coexist with faith

A

Thomas Aquinas

112
Q

Mongolian warrior-ruler, one of the most famous conquerors of history, who consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia

A

Genghis Khan

113
Q

Empire formed by Genghis Khan that reached across most of Eurasia

A

Mongol Empire

114
Q

Russian designation for the Ulus Juchi, the western part of the Mongol empire, which flourished from the mid-13th century to the end of the 14th century

A

Golden Horde

115
Q

descendant of Genghis Khan who unified China under the Yuan Dynasty and was believed, by Confuscian leaders, to possess the Mandate of Heaven making him the rightful ruler of China

A

Kublai Khan

116
Q

leader of the Turkish nomads who filled the people of Europe and Asia with fear of having to relive the horror experienced during the Mongol expansion

A

Timur Lang

117
Q

Turkish conquerer, leader of a Turkish tribe that expanded to empire after series of conquests

A

Tamerlane

118
Q

King of Mali - believed to be the wealthiest king in the history of the world

A

Mansa Musa

119
Q

Type in which each individual character is cast. on a separate piece of metal

A

movable type

120
Q

a bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis, characterized by swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, and groin. In the fourteenth century, the Black Death swept across the world from China to Europe and killed up to 60% of Europe’s population

A

Bubonic Plague

121
Q

A series of merchants, states, and trade routes around the Indian Ocean that participted in a larger interconnected trade network

A

Indian Ocean Trade

122
Q

A wealthy African trading empire that controlled much of the East African coast from the 11th to 15th centuries

A

Great Zimbabwe

123
Q

A city that served as a stopping point along the Silk roads and benefited heavily from merchant activity

A

Kashgar

124
Q

A city that served as a stopping point along the Silk roads and benefited heavily from merchant activity

A

Samarkand

125
Q

Chinese Buddhist monk and scholar who is known for his journey to India in the 7th century to study Buddhism

A

Xuanzang

126
Q

A 13-century Italian explorer who is known for his travels throughout Asia

A

Marco Polo

127
Q

medival Muslim traveler who wrote one of the world’s most famous travel logs, the Rihlah

A

Ibn Battuta

128
Q

A medieval mystic and author of the first English autobiography which relates her spiritual journey from wife and mother to Christian public speaker

A

Margery Kempe

AP World History: Modern (2 decks)

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