Unit 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Factors that influence health significantly
A
- general attitude and lifestyle
- diet
- exercise
- use of stimulants and addictions
- environmental pollution
- stress
- job satisfaction
- genetic weaknesses
- food intolerances
- nutritional deficiencies in food (especially vitamins and minerals)
- poor digestion and meal absorption
2
Q
Food is needed by the body to:
A
- supply and sustain basic metabolism
- to ensure growth and development
- to maintain a diseases free healthy body
- to achieve emotional balance and mental fitness
- to promote physical performance
- to extend life expectancy
- to maintain the dynamic balance among body systems and processes called homeostasis
- maintain the digestive system and convey messages of comfort to the brain, that provide a feeling of well-being
3
Q
Nutrition
A
- the study of nutrients and how the body uses them
- they provide energy, growth, maintenance of all living cells
- basic need of every living organism
4
Q
Food
A
- any substance or products, obtained from plants or animals that can be metabolized to provide nutrients or energy for the maintenance of life, growth, tissue repair and function in the body
5
Q
Nutrient
A
- a chemical component, obtained from food, that provides energy, structural material, regulating agents to support growth, maintenance and tissue repair
6
Q
Nutrients in food include:
A
- carbohydrates (sugars and starches)
- proteins (amino acids)
- lipids (fats and oils)
- minerals
- vitamins
- water
7
Q
Metabolism
A
includes all chemical processes in living cells and organisms, by which the body obtains and expends the energy provided by food
8
Q
Diet
A
- the selection, kind and amount of food and liquids a person usually consumes in a day
9
Q
Nutrition status
A
- refers to the condition of health as it is related to the use of food in the body
10
Q
The nutrition status of individuals vary depending on:
A
- lifestyle
- living conditions
- availability of food supplies
- financial status
- knowledge of nutrition
- emotional state
- cultural and traditional eating habits
11
Q
Optimal nutrition or desirable nutrition status is acquired when:
A
- the diet provides the body with enough nutrients to maintain all bio-chemical processes required, to maintain health and function and to provide surplus stores that can be utilized during times of increased need
- the food and nutrient intake must meet day-to-day needs and maintain nutrient reserves
12
Q
Optimal/desirable nutrition status is characterized by:
A
- a well developed body
- ideal weight
- good muscle development
- smooth, clear skin
- glossy hair
- clear, bright eyes
- good posture
- alert facial expression
- normal appetite and digestion
- regular elimination
- absence of allergies
- undisturbed sleeping patterns
13
Q
The nutritional status can be assessed/measured by ? (ABCD)
A
- anthropometric assessment
- biochemical assessment
- clinical assessment
- dietary assessment
14
Q
Anthropometric assessment
A
- measurement of height, weight, body circumferences, muscle/fat ratio (used in figure analysis)
- BMI, LBM
15
Q
Biochemical assessment
A
- blood samples are taken by a physician and analyzed in specialized laboratories
- the blood levels of nutrients and their byproducts are measured and compared to a given standard
16
Q
Clinical assessment
A
- includes details of a medical history and a physical examination
17
Q
Dietary evaluation
A
- detailed assessment of food and beverage intake and eating patterns
18
Q
BMI calculation
A
- body mass index
- mass (kg)/ height x 2 (cm)
19
Q
BMI
A
Underweight- 19.9 and below
Normal/healthy- 20-24.9
Overweight- 25-29.9
Obese- 30 and above
20
Q
Malnutrition
A
- when health is impaired, due to a deficiency, excess or imbalance in the intake and metabolism of nutrients in the body
- this can be caused by wrong diet, by default in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, or destructive interaction from drugs or medication
- the symptoms are vague and take a long time to manifest and it is often difficult to distinguish between nutritional cause or clinical disorder
21
Q
Undernutrition
A
- occurs when daily needs for nutrients are not met by the diet
- all reserves are depleted and the body starts draining nutrients from vital tissues in order to maintain itself
- biochemical changes occur resulting in biochemical deficiency, which presents as clinical symptoms and disease
- people at risk are pregnant women, the elderly and children
22
Q
Overnutrition
A
- excess food intake overloads the body, especially with energy supplying nutrients
23
Q
Vitamin and mineral supplementation taken in high dosages
A
- reach toxic levels and leads to serious medical consequences
24
Q
Excess intake of high energy nutrients leads to?
A
- high levels in blood sugar (diabetes)
- lipid build-up in tissues (obesity)
- cardio-vascular disease
- high blood pressure
- kidney disease
- stroke
25
A typical diet causing chronic diseases include:
- high refined (sugar) and low complex carbohydrate (fibre) intake
- high protein intake
- high saturated fat intake
- high salt intake
26
In order to promote the health status of a client and prevent disease the therapist should:
- prevent malnutrition (inadequate intake of essential nutrients or excessive intake)
- stress the need for fitness (by prescribing an uncomplicated exercise program to balance energy input with energy output, 3x a week for at least 30 min
- promote the concept of wellness (whereby a client will develop full potential)
- ensuring that the client is informed about a healthy lifestyle
27
Guidelines to ensure health
- a balanced food intake
- an adequate diet
- calorie control, no over eating
- variety in diet
- moderation (recommend high density nutrient foods such as vegetables and fruit)
- nutrient density
- limited alcohol intake (high caloric beverage, no nutrient value)
- regular exercise
- dont smoke
