Unit 1 Flashcards

Chemistry Math Skills and Measurement

1
Q

Scientific Method

A

a logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypothesis, and formulating theories that are supported by data.

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2
Q

Aspects of The Scientific Method

A

Make an Observation
Formulate a Hypothesis
Test the Hypothesis
Theorize the Results
Publish the Results

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3
Q

Qualitative

A

data that consists of descriptive information.

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4
Q

Quantitative

A

data that consists of numerical information.

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5
Q

System

A

a specific portion of material in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation.

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6
Q

Hypothesis

A

a testable statement, if-then statement

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7
Q

Control

A

an experimental condition that is held constant.

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8
Q

Variable

A

an experimental condition that is changed.

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9
Q

Independent Variable

A

a variable that is changed during the experiment to manipulate the outcome.

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10
Q

Dependent Variable

A

the resulting variable that gets affected because of a change during the experiment.

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11
Q

Model

A

a physical object or a form of explanation that discusses how phenomena occur and how data and events are related.

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12
Q

Phenomena

A

situations that are observed to exist or happen.

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13
Q

Theory

A

a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena. Theories are highly supported by scientific evidence, but not considered to be 100% true. This is because there is room for improvement.

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14
Q

Law

A

a statement based on repeated experiments and observations that allow us to describe or predict phenomena. Laws are so highly supported by scientific evidence, they are considered to be 100% true

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15
Q

Quantity

A

something that has magnitude, size, or amount.

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16
Q

Metric System

A

a system that uses a base-10 ideology in order to measure materials using basic units such as meters (length), grams (mass), and liters (volume).

17
Q

Mass

A

a measure on the amount of matter an object contains disregarding the shape of the object. Mass does not depend on location.

18
Q

Weight

A

a measure on the gravitational pull of some type of matter. Weight usually depends on location.

19
Q

Derived Unit

A

a unit that involves the combination of S.I. Base Units.

20
Q

Significant Figures

A

all the digits known with certainty plus one final digit, which is somewhat uncertain or is estimated.

21
Q

Analog equipment

A

DO NOT use electronics to present information

22
Q

Digital equipment

A

DO use electronics to present information

23
Q

Meniscus

A

the curved surface of the liquid where an initial measurement should be made

24
Q

Captive Zeros

A

zeros appearing between nonzero digits are significant
40.7 has 3 sig figs

25
Leading Zeros
zeros appearing in front of all nonzero digits are not significant 0.095897 has 5 sig figs
26
Trailing Zeros
zeros at the end of a number and to the right of a decimal point are significant 85.00 has 4 sig figs 2000 has 1 sig fig 2000.0 has 4 sig figs
27
Accuracy
the closeness of a measured value to the actual value.
28
PrecisiOn
the closeness of a measured value to the Other measured values.
29
Uncertainty of Measurement
the doubt that exists about the result of any measurement; questioning its accuracy and precision.
30
Percent Error
the approximation error in a data value that is the discrepancy between an exact value and some approximation to it.
31
Expected Value
a value or amount that is expected to obtain based on known data. (also known as actual value)
32
Measured Value
a value or amount that is created or obtained from an experiment or test. (also known as experimental value)
33
Dimensional Analysis
a mathematical technique that allows one to use units to solve problems involving measurements.
34
Conversion Factor
a ratio derived from the equality between two different units of the same quantity that can be used to convert from one unit to the next.
35
Scientific Notation
a way that scientists express numbers that are larger than 1000 or smaller than 0.001; ones that are VERY large or VERY small. M * 10^n M has one nonzero digit to the left of the decimal