Unit 1 Flashcards
Chemistry Math Skills and Measurement
Scientific Method
a logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypothesis, and formulating theories that are supported by data.
Aspects of The Scientific Method
Make an Observation
Formulate a Hypothesis
Test the Hypothesis
Theorize the Results
Publish the Results
Qualitative
data that consists of descriptive information.
Quantitative
data that consists of numerical information.
System
a specific portion of material in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation.
Hypothesis
a testable statement, if-then statement
Control
an experimental condition that is held constant.
Variable
an experimental condition that is changed.
Independent Variable
a variable that is changed during the experiment to manipulate the outcome.
Dependent Variable
the resulting variable that gets affected because of a change during the experiment.
Model
a physical object or a form of explanation that discusses how phenomena occur and how data and events are related.
Phenomena
situations that are observed to exist or happen.
Theory
a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena. Theories are highly supported by scientific evidence, but not considered to be 100% true. This is because there is room for improvement.
Law
a statement based on repeated experiments and observations that allow us to describe or predict phenomena. Laws are so highly supported by scientific evidence, they are considered to be 100% true
Quantity
something that has magnitude, size, or amount.
Metric System
a system that uses a base-10 ideology in order to measure materials using basic units such as meters (length), grams (mass), and liters (volume).
Mass
a measure on the amount of matter an object contains disregarding the shape of the object. Mass does not depend on location.
Weight
a measure on the gravitational pull of some type of matter. Weight usually depends on location.
Derived Unit
a unit that involves the combination of S.I. Base Units.
Significant Figures
all the digits known with certainty plus one final digit, which is somewhat uncertain or is estimated.
Analog equipment
DO NOT use electronics to present information
Digital equipment
DO use electronics to present information
Meniscus
the curved surface of the liquid where an initial measurement should be made
Captive Zeros
zeros appearing between nonzero digits are significant
40.7 has 3 sig figs