Unit 1 Flashcards
What were the two main political parties in South Africa in 1938?
The United Party and the National Party
What decision did the United Party make in 1939 regarding WW2?
To support Britain in WW2
What led to Afrikaners feeling betrayed by the United Party?
The United Party’s support for Britain in WW2
Who won the 1948 elections in South Africa?
Malans National Party
What were the three factors that caused the growth of Afrikaner nationalism?
- The Broederbund
- Religious institutes
- The Ossewabrandwag
What was the Broederbund?
A group of White Male Afrikaner Christians promoting Afrikaner nationalism
What event did the Broederbund organize to commemorate the Great Trek?
A centenary celebration with 100,000 participants
What political stance did the Ossewabrandwag support?
Nazi Germany and had fascist sympathies
How many members did the Ossewabrandwag have?
Over 300,000 members
What did the Dutch Reformed Church promote regarding racial roles?
That black and white people play different roles in God’s plan
What was Smuts’ political approach described as?
Pragmatist
What did the Fagan report propose?
Allowing black people and migrants more rights and reducing exploitation
What was the focus of the Sauer report?
Bringing in laws for segregation and reducing rights for non-whites
What hardships were Smuts and his cabinet blamed for during WW2?
Shortages of bread and petrol
What was one of the actions taken by Smuts’ cabinet regarding Britain?
Provided a loan of 4 million ounces of gold
What was the main aim of apartheid?
Segregation and protection of white interests
What did the Population Registration Acts do?
Grouped every South African into a particular race
What was the Immorality Act?
A crime for any sexual act between a white person and a person of any other race
How many prosecutions occurred under the Immorality Act between 1950 and 1985?
24,000 prosecutions
What did the Group Areas Act do?
Divided South Africa into different race areas
What were Forced Removals?
Government actions to remove people from homes in the wrong areas
What were the Pass Laws designed to control?
Black people’s movement (influx control)
What was the Dompas?
A passbook containing personal information for black individuals
What did the Separate Amenities Act enforce?
Forced segregation in public areas
What was the purpose of the Bantu Education Act?
To prevent Africans from receiving an education that would lead to aspirations beyond their societal roles
What was the spending disparity on education between white and black children?
R644 for a white child’s education vs. R41 for a black child’s education
What did the ANC plan in response to the Bantu Education Act?
An indefinite boycott of government schools
Who became the president of the ANC in 1952?
Albert Luthuli
What was the goal of the Defiance Campaign organized in 1952?
Mass action against six unjust laws
Who were appointed as volunteer chiefs during the Defiance Campaign?
Nelson Mandela and Yusref Cachali
Where did most arrests during the Defiance Campaign take place?
Port Elizabeth and East London
What was the result of the changes in the Defiance Campaign’s nature?
Public gatherings were banned by the minister of Justice
In 1943 women were allowed to join the ANC when was the ANC women’s league founded ?
1948
In 1943 women were allowed to join the ANC when was the ANC women’s league founded ?
1948
In 1955 a protest was organised against the extension of pass laws to women who led the march ?
Lilian Ngoyi, Helen Joseph, Sophia De-Bruyn
When 20,000 women marched on union buildings how successful were they ?
Not successful pass laws were not repeals however it united women of all races
What was the congress alliance
Executives of the ANC, SA Indian congress, SA congress of trade unions in an alliance that was an anti apartheid
What was the congress of the people campaign
A charter listing there core political beliefs (freedom charter)
What was seperate development
Was were the white government told the rest of the world that SA was a democracy and everyone had the right to vote for their own polictical leaders in the homelands
What did the Bantu authority act do
Establish black homelands with the aim of creating greater self government
What did the government hope to achieve with seperate development
Segregation, present democracy, remove black people from the political system
What was the Tomlinson report that was published in 1956
A commission appointed to Prof F.R Tomlinson to understand how to develop the homelands which stated a need for investment, plot lands and funding for industry
Why was the report rejected
They believed white SA’s would not support expenditure and didn’t want competition with white buissness
