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9th grade World History Honors > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

prehistory

1
Q

what does B.C.E mean?

A

before common era (before the birth of Jesus)

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2
Q

what does C.E mean?

A

common era (after the birth of Jesus)

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3
Q

what does era mean?

A

blocks of time also known as “periods”

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4
Q

what does c. or circa mean?

A

“about”

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5
Q

how long is a decade?

A

10 years

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6
Q

how long is a century?

A

100 years

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7
Q

what is archaeology?

A

the study of human history through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and human remains

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8
Q

what does excavation mean?

A

to dig up

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9
Q

what are fossils?

A

the remains of a living being

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10
Q

what are artifacts?

A

a man made object used to understand the past

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11
Q

what is a historian?

A

a person who studies history.

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12
Q

how many types of evidence are there and what are they?

A

two, primary and secondary

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13
Q

what is a primary source?

A

they are first-hand pieces of evidence from people who saw or experienced the events described.

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14
Q

what is a secondary source?

A

they are created by people who were not part of the historical event.

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15
Q

what are examples of primary sources?

A

letter and diary

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16
Q

what are examples of secondary sources?

A

textbook and essay

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17
Q

what does the prefix geo mean?

A

earth

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18
Q

what does the suffix graphy mean?

A

to writewh

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19
Q

what does geography mean?

A

the study of the earth

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20
Q

what is a geographer?

A

a person who studies geography

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21
Q

what is a map?

A

a 2-dimensional drawing, it’s flat like paper.

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22
Q

what is a globe?

A

a 3-dimensional model or the earth, round, like a sphere.

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23
Q

GPS–

A

is a database of many maps on the internet that tells you where you are on Earth

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24
Q

what are the three types of maps?

A

physical, political, and thematic

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25
what do physical maps show?
shows landforms and water features
26
what do political maps show?
shows regional, national and local boundaries or lines
27
what do thematic maps show?
shows information about a topic
28
what does a compass rose show?
it shows directions on a map north, east, south, west
29
what does a map key/legend tells?
it tells us about the symbols that are on the map
30
what does a map scale show?
shows the the distances on the earth and on a map
31
hemisphere--
half of the earth, usually divided by the equator and prime meridian into four sections
32
latitude lines--
parallel to each other (they never touch) "FLAT" lines above are N; lines are under are S
33
longitude lines--
are not parallel to each other (they meet at the North Pole and the South Pole) "LONG" lines to the right are E; lines to the left are W
34
river--
large stream of flowing fresh water that runs through land
35
coast--
area where land meets the water
36
mountain--
landmass that rises abruptly about the surrounding landscape
37
desert--
area of land that receives no more than 10 inches of precipitation a year
38
sea--
a part of the ocean that is partly surrounded by water
39
peninsula--
piece of land jutting into a body of water; surrounding by three sides
40
delta--
the flat, low-lying plain that forms at the mouth of a river from deposits of sediments
41
what does pre mean?
before
42
what does history mean?
written records
43
paleolithic era--
the time period from 2.5 million years ago to approximately 8000 BCE
44
what was the paleolithic era also known as?
the "old stone" age
45
neolithic era--
the time period from 8000 BCE to 3000 BCE
46
what was the neolithic era also known as?
the "new stone" age
47
hominids--
biological family that includes humans and their fossil ancestors and at least some of the great apes
48
human ancestors (hominids) were doing what at atleast 3.6 million years ago?
human ancestors (hominids) were walking upright in Africa at least 3.6 million years ago
49
in 1974 in Ethiopia, Johanson and his crew discovered an australopithecine, what was her name?
her name was Lucy
50
true or false: "Lucy" is the oldest hominid ever found, she lived 3.5 million yeas ago in East Africa
true
51
"Lucy" was the first human ancestor to--
walk upright
52
cro-magnon or homo-sapien--
fully modern humans to evolved from cro-magnon or homo-sapien in 40,000 to 8,000 BCE and had migrated to every continent (except Antarctica)
53
cro-magnon or homo-sapien humans were highly--
intelligent, they were the first to have had planned hunts (stalking prey using specialized tools/advanced weapons and made cave art)
54
hunter-gatherers--
kills (or finds) animals to eat and forages food like berries, nuts, etc.
55
nomad--
someone who moves from place to place (in search of food)
56
true or false: all of these early humans lived during the neolithic era and were nomads/hunter gatherers
false, all of these early humans lived during the paleolithic era and were nomads/hunter gatherers
57
nomads and hunter gatherers migrated, but they adapted their environment following what?
animal migration
58
where did hunter gatherers also lived near?
lush vegetation
59
what are the continents in order of human migration?
1. Africa 2. Asia 3. Europe 4. Australia 5. North America 6. South America
60
what kinds of geographical obstacles would migrating humans encounter?
mountains, bodies or water, harsh temperatures, deserts, etc.
61
what were some of the first tools early humans in the paleolithic era made?
hand ax/rock, stone spear, bow and arrow/hook
62
"the fire" became a gathering spot for--
warmth, storytelling, and cooking food
63
hunter gatherers needed what to hunt bigger animals?
cooperation
64
clans--
`groups of 20 to 30 nomads
65
houses for hunter gatherers--
caves or camps (adapted to environment)
66
what do parents pass on to their kids?
skills to ensure survival
67
hunter gatherers created cave--
paintings
68
what did women do in the paleolithic era?
women raised children and stayed closer to camp, they gathered nuts, roots, and berries
69
what did men do in the paleolithic era?
men traveled to hunt
70
what did both men and women do in the paleolithic era?
both men and women found food
71
early humans were what kind of society?
Egalitarian society
72
neolithic/agricultural era-
discovery of agricultural farming/growing crops, domestication of animals: adapting animals for human use
73
humans stop ________ + ________ for food and start keeping animals for human use in the neolithic era
humans stop hunting + gathering for food and start keeping animals and growing plants in the neolithic era
74
humans in the neolithic era were no longer ________ and created permanent settlements over time
humans in the neolithic era were no longer nomadic and created permanent settlements over time
75
what are some examples for permanent settlements created in the neolithic era?
Jericho, Palestine Catalhoyuk, Turkey Stonehenge, England
76
what did humans in the neolithic era create tools out of?
creation of copper, bronze, and iron tools and weapons
77
why are theories about human development and the development of societies always changing?
new discoveries are always being made by archaeologists

9th grade World History Honors (4 decks)

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