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9th grade World History Honors > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

prehistory

1
Q

what does B.C.E mean?

A

before common era (before the birth of Jesus)

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2
Q

what does C.E mean?

A

common era (after the birth of Jesus)

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3
Q

what does era mean?

A

blocks of time also known as “periods”

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4
Q

what does c. or circa mean?

A

“about”

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5
Q

how long is a decade?

A

10 years

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6
Q

how long is a century?

A

100 years

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7
Q

what is archaeology?

A

the study of human history through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and human remains

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8
Q

what does excavation mean?

A

to dig up

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9
Q

what are fossils?

A

the remains of a living being

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10
Q

what are artifacts?

A

a man made object used to understand the past

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11
Q

what is a historian?

A

a person who studies history.

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12
Q

how many types of evidence are there and what are they?

A

two, primary and secondary

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13
Q

what is a primary source?

A

they are first-hand pieces of evidence from people who saw or experienced the events described.

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14
Q

what is a secondary source?

A

they are created by people who were not part of the historical event.

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15
Q

what are examples of primary sources?

A

letter and diary

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16
Q

what are examples of secondary sources?

A

textbook and essay

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17
Q

what does the prefix geo mean?

A

earth

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18
Q

what does the suffix graphy mean?

A

to writewh

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19
Q

what does geography mean?

A

the study of the earth

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20
Q

what is a geographer?

A

a person who studies geography

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21
Q

what is a map?

A

a 2-dimensional drawing, it’s flat like paper.

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22
Q

what is a globe?

A

a 3-dimensional model or the earth, round, like a sphere.

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23
Q

GPS–

A

is a database of many maps on the internet that tells you where you are on Earth

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24
Q

what are the three types of maps?

A

physical, political, and thematic

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25
Q

what do physical maps show?

A

shows landforms and water features

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26
Q

what do political maps show?

A

shows regional, national and local boundaries or lines

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27
Q

what do thematic maps show?

A

shows information about a topic

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28
Q

what does a compass rose show?

A

it shows directions on a map
north, east, south, west

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29
Q

what does a map key/legend tells?

A

it tells us about the symbols that are on the map

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30
Q

what does a map scale show?

A

shows the the distances on the earth and on a map

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31
Q

hemisphere–

A

half of the earth, usually divided by the equator and prime meridian into four sections

32
Q

latitude lines–

A

parallel to each other (they never touch) “FLAT”
lines above are N; lines are under are S

33
Q

longitude lines–

A

are not parallel to each other (they meet at the North Pole and the South Pole)
“LONG”
lines to the right are E; lines to the left are W

34
Q

river–

A

large stream of flowing fresh water that runs through land

35
Q

coast–

A

area where land meets the water

36
Q

mountain–

A

landmass that rises abruptly about the surrounding landscape

37
Q

desert–

A

area of land that receives no more than 10 inches of precipitation a year

38
Q

sea–

A

a part of the ocean that is partly surrounded by water

39
Q

peninsula–

A

piece of land jutting into a body of water; surrounding by three sides

40
Q

delta–

A

the flat, low-lying plain that forms at the mouth of a river from deposits of sediments

41
Q

what does pre mean?

A

before

42
Q

what does history mean?

A

written records

43
Q

paleolithic era–

A

the time period from 2.5 million years ago to approximately 8000 BCE

44
Q

what was the paleolithic era also known as?

A

the “old stone” age

45
Q

neolithic era–

A

the time period from 8000 BCE to 3000 BCE

46
Q

what was the neolithic era also known as?

A

the “new stone” age

47
Q

hominids–

A

biological family that includes humans and their fossil ancestors and at least some of the great apes

48
Q

human ancestors (hominids) were doing what at atleast 3.6 million years ago?

A

human ancestors (hominids) were walking upright in Africa at least 3.6 million years ago

49
Q

in 1974 in Ethiopia, Johanson and his crew discovered an australopithecine, what was her name?

A

her name was Lucy

50
Q

true or false: “Lucy” is the oldest hominid ever found, she lived 3.5 million yeas ago in East Africa

A

true

51
Q

“Lucy” was the first human ancestor to–

A

walk upright

52
Q

cro-magnon or homo-sapien–

A

fully modern humans to evolved from cro-magnon or homo-sapien in 40,000 to 8,000 BCE and had migrated to every continent (except Antarctica)

53
Q

cro-magnon or homo-sapien humans were highly–

A

intelligent, they were the first to have had planned hunts (stalking prey using specialized tools/advanced weapons and made cave art)

54
Q

hunter-gatherers–

A

kills (or finds) animals to eat and forages food like berries, nuts, etc.

55
Q

nomad–

A

someone who moves from place to place (in search of food)

56
Q

true or false: all of these early humans lived during the neolithic era and were nomads/hunter gatherers

A

false, all of these early humans lived during the paleolithic era and were nomads/hunter gatherers

57
Q

nomads and hunter gatherers migrated, but they adapted their environment following what?

A

animal migration

58
Q

where did hunter gatherers also lived near?

A

lush vegetation

59
Q

what are the continents in order of human migration?

A
  1. Africa
  2. Asia
  3. Europe
  4. Australia
  5. North America
  6. South America
60
Q

what kinds of geographical obstacles would migrating humans encounter?

A

mountains, bodies or water, harsh temperatures, deserts, etc.

61
Q

what were some of the first tools early humans in the paleolithic era made?

A

hand ax/rock, stone spear, bow and arrow/hook

62
Q

“the fire” became a gathering spot for–

A

warmth, storytelling, and cooking food

63
Q

hunter gatherers needed what to hunt bigger animals?

A

cooperation

64
Q

clans–

A

`groups of 20 to 30 nomads

65
Q

houses for hunter gatherers–

A

caves or camps (adapted to environment)

66
Q

what do parents pass on to their kids?

A

skills to ensure survival

67
Q

hunter gatherers created cave–

A

paintings

68
Q

what did women do in the paleolithic era?

A

women raised children and stayed closer to camp, they gathered nuts, roots, and berries

69
Q

what did men do in the paleolithic era?

A

men traveled to hunt

70
Q

what did both men and women do in the paleolithic era?

A

both men and women found food

71
Q

early humans were what kind of society?

A

Egalitarian society

72
Q

neolithic/agricultural era-

A

discovery of agricultural farming/growing crops, domestication of animals: adapting animals for human use

73
Q

humans stop ________ + ________ for food and start keeping animals for human use in the neolithic era

A

humans stop hunting + gathering for food and start keeping animals and growing plants in the neolithic era

74
Q

humans in the neolithic era were no longer ________ and created permanent settlements over time

A

humans in the neolithic era were no longer nomadic and created permanent settlements over time

75
Q

what are some examples for permanent settlements created in the neolithic era?

A

Jericho, Palestine
Catalhoyuk, Turkey
Stonehenge, England

76
Q

what did humans in the neolithic era create tools out of?

A

creation of copper, bronze, and iron tools and weapons

77
Q

why are theories about human development and the development of societies always changing?

A

new discoveries are always being made by archaeologists

9th grade World History Honors (4 decks)

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