Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

system

A

changing, organized group of related parts that interact to form a whole

is a set of interacting components considered to be a distinct entity for the purpose of study or understanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Boundaries

A

define the space of the system to separate that system from the rest of the universe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

components

A

are all the parts of the system that interact to help the system carry out specific functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

inputs and outputs of system

A

include energy, matter, and information. Outputs are generated when the inputs are processed in some way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Open and Closed Systems and isolated system

A

In an open system, the inputs and outputs flow into and out of the system. In a closed system, the flow of one or more inputs and outputs is limited in some way. An isolated system is a system in which all of the inputs and outputs are contained within the system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Controls

A

controls that help keep the system working properly by monitoring and managing the inputs and outputs. Controls can be automatic, manually set, or a combination of both.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Feedback

A

is information from one step of a cycle that acts to change the behavior of a previous step of a cycle. So, feedback is output that becomes input.

information that is compared with a set of ideal values and aids in maintaining homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

feedback loop

A

is formed when an output returns to become an input in the same system that generated the output.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

model

A

is a pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept. You might think of a model simply as a smaller scale physical representation of a larger system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Physical Model

A

A smaller or larger copy of an object. Physical models can also be built to scale. Scale is the proportional relationship between a model’s measurements and the real object’s measurements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Conceptual Model

A

A diagram or flowchart that shows how parts of a system are related or how a process works.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mathematical Model

A

An equation or set of equations that generates data related to how a system or process works.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Simulation

A

Often in the form of a computer model. Can be used to test variables and observe outcomes. Mathematical models play a significant role in computer models.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mathematical Model

A

An equation or set of equations that generates data related to how a system or process works.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Simulation

A

Often in the form of a computer model. Can be used to test variables and observe outcomes. Mathematical models play a significant role in computer models.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Systems biology

A

studies biological systems as a whole. This approach allows scientists to consider biological phenomena at different scales and examine how the components of a biological system interact

17
Q

emergent property

A

a property that a system has, but that the individual components of the system do not have

18
Q

Earth system

A

is all of the matter, energy, and processes within Earth’s boundary.

19
Q

geosphere

A

The geosphere is all the solid features of Earth’s surface, such as mountains, continents, and the sea floor, as well as everything below Earth’s surface.

20
Q

hydrosphere

A

The hydrosphere is all of Earth’s water, including water in the form of liquid water, ice, and water vapor.

21
Q

biosphere

A

The biosphere is the area of Earth where life exists.

22
Q

atmosphere

A

The atmosphere is all of the air that envelops Earth’s solid and liquid surface.

23
Q

ecosystem

A

collection of organisms and nonliving things, such as climate, soil, water, and rocks, in an area

24
Q

organism

A

any individual living thing

25
Q

categorization of organisms

A

Organisms of the same species that live in the same area make up a population.

The collection of the different populations in an area make up a community.

Communities exist within larger systems called biomes.

Biomes are major regional or global areas characterized by their climate and vegetation.

26
Q

biotic factor

A

The living components in an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria

27
Q

abiotic factor

A

nonliving factors in an ecosystem, such as moisture, temperature, wind, sunlight, soil, and minerals

28
Q

characteristics to define living things

A

In general, all living things are made up of one or more cells, require an energy source, grow and change over time, reproduce by making copies of themselves or by having offspring, and respond to changes in their environment.

29
Q

Homeostasis

A

is the maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism.

30
Q

organ system

A

two or more organs that work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions

31
Q

organ

A

group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions

32
Q

tissue

A

is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function, usually as part of an organ.

33
Q

human body, organs are made up of four general types of tissues—

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, and
nervous tissue.

https://www.hmhco.com/content/science/sciencedimensions/na/gr9-12/ese_biology_9780544811966_/book_pages/OPS/img/cards/bi_cnlese811966_135a.jpg

34
Q

cell

A

is the most basic unit of life

35
Q

Cell differentiation

A

is the process by which cells become specialized in structure and function.

All cells in a multicellular organism arise from a single cell. As the organism develops, cells take on unique structures that help them carry out specialized functions.

36
Q

the nervous system and neurons

A

The nervous system is a network of nerves and sensory organs that work together to process information and respond to the environment. The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron. Neurons are specialized cells that are able to send electrical and chemical signals to help the organism sense information, coordinate a response, and carry out that response.

37
Q

Humans and other organisms have three types of neurons:

A

sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Sensory neurons detect stimuli and send signals to the brain and the spinal cord. Interneurons in the brain and spinal cord receive and process the information from the sensory neurons and send response signals to motor neurons. Motor neurons act on the signal by stimulating muscles to contract.

biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions