Unit 1 Flashcards
What kind of work could a tranchet be used for?
Hand ax, cutting, scraping
What 2 types of stone are ideal for creating paleolithic tools?
Flint, Quartz, and Obsidian (rarer)
How old were the first stone tools? What continent did they find them in?
Found ~2-3 Million YAG - Found in Africa
What materials other than stone did paleolithic people create tools from?
Bones, horns/antlers
What are the pieces called that broke off of rocks while they were carving stone tools? (They were razor sharp and could be used for scraping and cutting.)
Flakes, Flint Flakes
What physically happened during evolution to hominid’s throats and mouths that helped us to be able to speak clearly today?
Longer Throat, Smaller Mouth
How do we physically change what we hear through evolution?
Ear Canals became smaller
During evolution what happened to laryngeal air sacs in hominids?
Lost them over time, became unnecessary
Which is more important: hearing or our movable tongue to help us to make the consonant sounds T- K- F- S?
Moveable Tongue - Used to be attached to bottom of mouth, now unattached allowing more movement
What world changing event happened 100,000 years ago to force people to convert from hunter gatherers to farmers?
Ice Age - Killed off animals + plants - we had to learn how to create our own food source that could be more stable
What 3 things happened to help people to create the Agricultural Revolution?
Farmed, Domesticated Animals, Not Nomadic (Stayed in one place)
What does egalitarian mean?
All are equal; equality
What is the name of the city and the location of one of the oldest clay ovens discovered? (created around 9500 BCE)
Çatalhöyük
Describe the method to start a fire using 2 sticks.
Use Friction + Dry Tinder - Use tinder to catch sparks made by rubbing sticks together
Where is a good location to find clay?
Riverbeds, riverbanks, bottom of Rivers and lakes, glaciers
How do you form a clay pot? (Like the groove ware example from Stonehenge)
Make grog: Grind together broken pots, clay, quartz
Add water: mix w/ grog
Use clay: make base of pot, put on mat, spin it.
Make clay snakes/ropes: wind around sides of pot, make into sides.
Use bone scraper: smooth out sides, make pot sides thinner.
Use water: rub on sides
Use antler piece: create groove pattern on sides of pot
Dry: dry pot for 2-3 days
Use Fire: Fire hardened pot in fire
Name pros of the Neolithic Revolution.
More food available -
Food could be stored for longer periods of time
Humans started building bigger settlements
Food Surpluses
Job specialization
Technology increased
Population increased (eventually)
Why was ‘More Food Available’ a pro in the Neolithic Revolution?
Why was the fact that more foodwas available good?
People were healthier, stronger, smarter, happier, didn’t starve
Why was ‘Food could be stored for longer periods of time’
a pro in the Neolithic Revolution?
Why was advanced food storage good?
No food waste, eat on voyages or time away from the farm/ main food source
Why was ‘Humans started building bigger settlements’
a pro in the Neolithic Revolution?
Why were bigger settlements good?
People could help each other, people were stronger together against enemies, they could share resources, etc.
Why were ‘Food surpluses’ a pro in the Neolithic Revolution?
Why were food surpluses good?
Allowed for greater prosperity and comfort, leisure
Why was ‘Job specialization’ a pro in the Neolithic Revolution?
Why was job specialization good?
Let some devote time to discovering new technology, inventions, instead of looking for food + how to survive
Why were ‘Technology increases’ a pro in the Neolithic Revolution?
Why were technology increases good?
Allowed us to survive better, evolve, create more useful and helpful tools
Why was ‘Population increased (eventually)’ a pro in the Neolithic Revolution?
Everyone had more time to do different things. Not everyone had to just hunt for food.
Name cons of the Neolithic Revolution.
Less food variety
Lower nutrition
Less equality
More diseases
More warfare (some evidence suggests)
Why was ‘less food variety’ a con of the Neolithic Revolution?
Decreased human nutrition - each and every food has different and all necessary nutritional values
Why was ‘Lower Nutrition’ a con of the Neolithic Revolution?
Can create diseases if one is unhealthy. Also could make one weaker.
Why was ‘less equality’ a con of the Neolithic Revolution?
A civilization had more inequality if the city had people that could create food surpluses’. It was bad because some people got treated differently for some reasons that they could not change. Different skill levels can do different tasks, some more important, some less.
Why was ‘more diseases’ a con of the Neolithic Revolution?
More people got sick, suffered, and died, since they were living together, so they could spread it more easily
Why was ‘more warfare’ a con of the Neolithic Revolution?
More people died from fighting, more people were stressed and traumatised. They fought because they had the time to, and there was more to fight for, including resources and social complexity. They were not always preoccupied with finding food.
What are the 3 different firing methods for cooking pottery?
Put directly into fire.
Build fire under rocks, build pottery on top of rocks.
Build oven/fire in an oven
Why do some historians argue that the Agricultural Revolution was humanity’s greatest mistake?
Led to war and slavery
What do you need in order to finish a clay brick?
Fire it or bake it in sun
How do we get salt? ( 2 different ways)
Evaporate salt water
Mine it from caves
