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Gen Chem 117 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Chemistry.

A

Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter.

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2
Q

Define Matter.

A

Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space.

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3
Q

Define Chemicals.

A

Chemicals are substances with the same composition and properties wherever found.

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4
Q

What is the Scientific Method? What is the order of the Scientific Method?

A

The scientific method is a set of general principles that helps to describe how a scientist thinks and discovers knowledge.
It’s made up of:
- Observations
- Hypotheses
- Experiments
- Conclusions

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5
Q

What is Scientific Notation?

A

Scientific notation is a way to write numbers that are too big or too small to be easily written in decimal form.

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6
Q

Write 1 in Scientific Notation.

A
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7
Q

Write 100 in Scientific Notation.

A
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7
Q

Write 10 in Scientific Notation.

A
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8
Q

Write 1000 in Scientific Notation.

A
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9
Q

Write 0.1 in Scientific Notation.

A
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10
Q

Write 0.01 in Scientific Notation.

A
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11
Q

Write 0.001 in Scientific Notation.

A
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12
Q

What is the International System of Units (SI)?

A

The SI system is an official system of measurements used throughout the world for units of length, volume, mass, temperature, and time.

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13
Q

What are the SI units for length, volume, mass, temperature, and time?

A

Length: Meter (m)
Volume: Cubic Meter (m3)
Mass: Kilogram (kg)
Temperature: Kelvin (K)
Time: Seconds (s)

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14
Q

What are Significant Figures? What are the rules?

A

Significant Figures are all the digits including the estimated digit.
Rules:
- SFs are all non-zero digits and zeros between digits
- SFs are not zeros that act as placeholders before digits
- SFs are zeros at the end of a decimal number

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15
Q

What is an Exact Number?

A

An Exact Number is a value that is known with complete certainty and has no uncertainty.

Example: There are 8 cookies

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16
Q

True or False? In multiplication or division, the final answer is written so that it has the same number of significant figures (SFs) as the measurement with the fewest significant figures.

A

True

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17
Q

True or False? In addition or subtraction, the final answer is written so that it has the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the fewest decimal places.

A

True

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18
Q

True or False? If the answer contains fewer significant figures (SFs) than needed, leave the answer as is.

A

False, When the answer contains fewer significant figures than needed, add a zero to obtain the correct number of significant figures.

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19
Q

What is the Symbol, Numerical Value, and Scientific Notation for Giga?

A
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20
Q

What is the Equality for Giga?

A
21
Q

What is the Symbol, Numerical Value, and Scientific Notation for Mega?

A
22
Q

What is the Equality for Mega?

A
23
Q

What is the Symbol, Numerical Value, and Scientific Notation for Kilo?

A
24
Q

What is the Equality for Kilo?

A
25
Q

What is the Symbol, Numerical Value, and Scientific Notation for Deci?

A
26
Q

What is the Equality for Deci?

A
27
Q

What is the Symbol, Numerical Value, and Scientific Notation for Centi?

A
28
Q

What is the Equality for Centi?

A
29
Q

What is the Symbol, Numerical Value, and Scientific Notation for Milli?

A
30
Q

What is the Equality for Milli?

A
31
Q

What is the Symbol, Numerical Value, and Scientific Notation for Micro?

A
32
Q

What is the Equality for Micro?

A
33
Q

What is the Symbol, Numerical Value, and Scientific Notation for Nano?

A
34
Q

What is the Equality for Nano?

A
35
Q

True or False? Any equality can be written as fractions called a conversion factor.

A

True

36
Q

What is Density? What is the equation for Density?

A

Density is how much space an object or substance takes up (its volume) in relation to the amount of matter in that object or substance (its mass).
Equation: d=m/v

37
Q

Define Matter. What is Matter classified as?

A

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter is classified according to its composition:
- Pure substances
- Mixtures

38
Q

Define a Pure Substance.

A

A type of matter with a fixed or definite shape.

39
Q

Define an Element.

A

Elements are pure substances that contain only one type of material.

40
Q

Define a Compound.

A

A compound contains two or more elements in a definite ratio.

41
Q

Define a Mixture.

A

A mixture is a type of matter that consists of two or more substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined.

42
Q

Explain a Homogenous Mixture.

A

In a homogeneous mixture, the composition is uniform throughout. The different parts of the mixture are not visible. Like salt and water.

43
Q

Explain a Heterogeneous Mixture.

A

In a heterogeneous mixture, the composition varies from one part of the mixture to another. The different parts of the mixture are visible. Like pasta salad.

44
Q

Define Kinetic Energy.

A

The energy of motion.

45
Q

Define Potential Energy.

A

Energy that is stored up for later use.

46
Q

What is the (SI) unit for Energy?

A

Joules (J)

47
Q

What is the Heat of Fusion?

A

The amount of heat released when 1g of liquid freezes.
The amount of heat needed to melt 1g of solid.

48
Q

When Sublimation occurs…

A

The particles on the surface of the solid change directly to a gas. There is no temperature change.

49
Q

When Deposition occurs…

A

Gas particles change directly to a solid. Dry ice undergoes.

50
Q

How many joules are in 1 calorie?

A

4.184 joules in 1 calorie

51
Q

REMEMBER TO COUNT SIG FIGS!!!!

A

OKAYYYY

Gen Chem 117 (4 decks)

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