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History 10 by adeline > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Success Myth?

A

Iterations/Manifestations:

-America is “The Land of Opportunity”
-The Meritocracy
-“Pull Yourself Up by your Bootstraps”

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2
Q

The “City on a Hill” Myth

A

Iterations/Manifestations:

-American exceptionalism
-“Spread the light of Christianity/democracy/capitalism to the rest of the world”
-America is the “best country in the world”

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3
Q

The Agrarian Myth

A

Iterations/Manifestations:

-The American Dream
-The Jeffersonian agrarian ideal, “virtue in the soil”
-Homeownership

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4
Q

What is HIPP

A

Historical Context
Intended Audience
Purpose
Point of View

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5
Q

Teleological history

A

you begin at the end

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6
Q

Mound Building

A

mortuary purposes

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6
Q

Mississippian civilization

A

development of some of the most complex societies in North America

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7
Q

Agricultural revolution

A

period of warmer temperatures that allowed the advancement of agriculture

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8
Q

Cahokia:

A

first permanent european settlement in illinois, center of french influence

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9
Q

Chaco Canyon

A

major center of puebloan culture, building, astronomy, trade, ceremony

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10
Q

environmental determination

A

environment determines patterns of human culture and society

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11
Q

hegemony:

A

leadership/dominance by one country or social group over others

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12
Q

the columbian exchange:

A

exchange of goods (plants, people, ideas) from the americas the europeans and vice versa

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13
Q

meritocracy:

A

person with the most skill will have the most opportunity

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14
Q

proprietary colony

A

king granted land and legal authority over that kand to the invidi=ual

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15
Q

headright system

A

lands a subsidy, 50 acres per servant

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16
Q

chattel slavery

A

treats individuals as personal property that can be bought and sold

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17
Q

slave codes

A

secured the legal status of slavery

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18
Q

what caused mass death in the americas for native americans when the european arrived

A

small pox, measles, typhoid fever

natives lacked immunological defenses against european germs

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19
Q

whole sale transplanting of European ecosystems

A

9x as manu euro. animals as indigenous animals

tobacco and coco important to both euro. and aztec cultures

maize, potatoes and other plants transformed euro. diets

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20
Q

____________ unslavable so the English turned to poor ___________ adults as servants called _________________

A

natives unslavable so the English turned to poor english adults as servants called indentured servitude

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21
Q

Who was richard frethorne

A

an indentured servant who wrote to his parents after 3 months of servitude

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22
Q

what were the main problems in indentured servitude according to Frethorne

A

food/drink (no meat/ unbalanced diet)
disease ( and starvation)
indians (calls them their enemies+ often attacked)
relations among settlers

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23
Q

Why did people sign to be servants

A

misery in england, being sold on prosperity

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24
Q

tabacoo booms=

A

wealth

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25
Q

What is the Mesoamerican trio

A

maize, beans, squash

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26
Q

Why do European countries win out?

A
27
Q

WHat were the reasons for jamestown failures?

A

huge territory, english susceptible to disease

28
Q

Why did the english have a 2nd attempt at colonizing chesapeake

A

spread faith, thwart spain, discover wealth, find passage to pacific

29
Q

Who was John Smith

A

forced jamestown settlers to work the land

tobacco-> boosted colony financially

30
Q

Bacons Rebellion

Date?
Why?
Who won?
Who fought?
Result?
Native Prospective:

A

Date? 1676
Why? conflicts between white poor and white rich, little access to land or women
Who won? Rich whites
Who fought? white poor and white rich, Native americans
Result? African Slaves brought in-> diffused class struggle, burned capital

Native Prospective: scattered facing more enemies, heavy casualties, 1st treaty

31
Q

John Ralfe:

A

brings tobacco to colonies

32
Q

Class divisions in 1600s

A

indentured servants, cavaliers- angelicals, black slave population

33
Q

What caused the shift from indentured servitude to slavery?

A

wages in english went up, new colonies, england playing larger role in slave trade, $ for slaves vs servants comparable

34
Q

Codifying Black Slavery

A

new laws that recognized and supported slavery

34
Q

Virginia legislature of 1662

A

slave status inherited through mother
(rape of slave woman= more slaves, forced breeding, couldn’t be undermined)

placed bounties on runaways + protected whites against prosecution for violence against blacks

35
Q

VIrginia’s slave code of 1682

A

stricter, authorized violence against slave rebellions, made it illegal to free slaves w/out fine, slave codes, plantation system adopted

36
Q

Murder of Slaves in law

A

loss of legal protection for slaves life, corporal punishment “only way a master could correct a slave”

37
Q

colonial town vs Frontier tesions

A

colonial:
elites, creators of laws, religious attendance, noble savage theory

frontier:
“rugged individuals”, subject to town laws, infrequent church attendance, conflict w native americans

37
Q

conflicts between Poor and rich whites:

A

Bacons rebellion- 1676-1677
Paxton Boys- 1763
Regulator movement-1766-1771

38
Q

“city on a hill”

A

american exceptionalism

39
Q

manifest destiny date

A

1840

40
Q

white mans burden

when
what

A

1890
The White Man’s Burden”, by Rudyard Kipling, is a poem about the Philippine–American War that exhorts the United States to assume colonial control of the Filipino people and their country

41
Q

Mary Rowlandson:

A

puritan captured during conflict w king Phillip, gave god complete power (believed that God put her through hardships because she was ready for it)

42
Q

Puritans in america

A

wealthy men and women, “chosen ones”, enemies= natives

43
Q

america= _________ land for puritans

A

promise land

44
Q

Mayflower

A

theocracy, seeds of democracy

45
Q

theocracy

A

no difference between god and state

46
Q

John Winthrop

A

Calvinist, predestination

47
Q

calvanism

A

teaches that the glory and sovereignty of God should come first in all things

48
Q

Ann hutcherson

A

critic of Calvinism, captured in war

49
Q

New england settlement success reasons

A

low mortality, extended family, tight communities, close towns, near water, medicine-> women, patriarchy

50
Q

Pequot War

A

1636-1637

Pequot tribe eliminated, whites and other natives attacks, puritans saw as religious war (very violent)

51
Q

King Phillip’s War

A

1674-1675

cause: unjust treatment of Native americans by English in all aspects

justice system bias
murder of 2 innocent native men
stealing men

52
Q

What are the reasons for Virginian success

A

Virginia company refuses to give up, tobacco (land expansion-> need for labor), changing relations with N. A., john smith

53
Q

What did maryland have that other colonies didn’t

A

religious freedom

54
Q

virginia timeline:

Virginian inhabitants:

A

founding: 1607- 1630
take off: 1630-17675

indentured servants (majority)
cavaliers (elites)
small pop of slaves

55
Q

how did the environment influence the Native Americans experience

A

denser population, stratification, specialization, class conflict

56
Q

Stratification

A

the arrangement or classification of something into different groups.

57
Q

Characteristics of N. A. culture

A

oral traditions, archeology, physical anthropology, archeology, 80-150 million

58
Q

How did the Native americans get to the americas

A

Pangaea

59
Q

What are the 4 corners

A

The 4 native american cities were civilization took off

60
Q

Religious practice in Native American culture

A

Mounds for burials, rituals, gatherings, exhibitions

Leaders= between ordinary humans and supernatural forces

61
Q

Structure of Native American societies

A

Denser living patterns, class structure, household organization, people relocating to smaller and more economically sustainable living arrangement

Political alliances

62
Q

Cultures of pacific coast

A

Abundance of marine life made agriculture unnecessary

Sophisticated techniques for harvesting

Economic activities:
- elite classes
-storing food
- accumulation of private property
-Economic inequality (stratification)

63
Q

Environmental determination

A

The environment determined culture, economic

64
Q

relationship with natives (by john smith and Pocahontas) ended when ___________ took power

A

opechan

History 10 by adeline (3 decks)

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