Reconstruction Flashcards
Jim crow laws
laws meant to suppress blacks
Dejure segregation
Defacto segregation
dejure: segregation by law
defacto: segregation by choice/custom
Plessy vs Ferguson
Date?
What did it do?
1898
separate but equal
Homestead Act
provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land
Morrill Land grant act
set aside federal lands to create colleges to “benefit the agricultural and mechanical arts.”
education accessable and cheap
On liberty and the Union
Webster
Jacksons
Calhoun
Webster: liberty and union is inseparable
Jackson: union of upmost importance
Calhoun: Liberty> union
13th amendment
ends slavery
(except in prison)
14th amendment
civil rights
15th amendment
right to vote for black men
Lincoln’s plan:
10% plan: prioritizes the union
amnesty during war
needed 10% of whites to take oath to be reinstated as a state
nothing about role of blacks
amnesty
forgiveness/pardon for fighting
Wade-Davis BIll
required 50% of voters to take oath of allegiance
state constitution changed
state suicide theory
conquered provinces position
Andrew Jackson’s 10% plan
simple oath for reinstatement for all but confederate military; and those with property must pay 20,000
Black codes
turned freedpeople into labor force for planter; denied freed people farms, hunting, refused them access to money and credit
Ida B Wells
fought for women’s and black’s rights
fought and exposed lynching- used white newspapers to prove inhumanity and racist
Klan was not a ____________ organization
secret
When the north leaves __________ __ _________ _____
everything goes to shit
radical reconstitution
authorities subject to military observation
new constitutions must include: black suffrage, 13th and 14th amendments
black voters protected by military
states left for as long as ___ years
12
Military reconstruction act
restart reconstruction
Command Army Act
prohibited the president from issuing military orders except through the commanding general of the army
Tenure of office act
unconstitutional act that made the president not allowed to remove officials without senate approval
yeomen
small farm owners
planters
wealthy slaveholding class that had dominated southern politics and society during the war; sought full restoration of power and slavery
freedman bureau bill
renewed bureau and widening of powers
sharecropper:
tenant farmer who gives part of crops as rent
replaces slavery
Ku Klux Klan
paramilitary organization; white supremacist, mass murderers, terrorist acts
Enforcement Act of 1870
prohibited use of force or threat against anyone trying to vote or register to vote
Ku Klux Klan Act
gave federal gover broad powers to arrest and prosecute individuals who conspire to deprive citizens of right to vote, hold office and serve on juries
Liberal Republicans
wanted excessive police power in hands of federal government in the expense of states
Redeemers:
vigilante violence, faced economic depression, northern hater
lynchings
extralegal murder of individuals by vigilantes
racist
southern horrors: lynch Law in All Its Phases
documented the souths lynching culture and exposed the myth of the black rapist
Red shirt
paramilitary organizations dedicated to eradicating black political participants and restoring democratic rule through violence and intimidation
Lost cause:
glorification of confederacy
in media
manufacturing industries
railroads and road building and other industries grew but plantations remained king
jobs for freed people
whites: better pay
Blacks: dangerous, dirty, intense, lowest paying jobs
factories separated
Women: help white families
Debt Peonage
a system where an employer compels a worker to pay off a debt with work.
constantly in debt
compromise of 1877
end reconstruction
democrats agree to swing vote so republicans can become president if they will leave south
screws over black people
W.E.B Debois
you must challenge segregation because if not, accepting it
top 10% of blacks will lead
calls Booker t washington house slave
Who is Ida B. Wells’ intended audience
white women, educated blacks, northern lawmakers, moderates, london
One drop rule
The one-drop rule was a legal principle of racial classification
Brown vs Board
ends segregation legally
Marcus Garvey
blacks> whites
black nationalism
united N.I.L.; Malcom X
difference of brazilian and USA in slavery
brazil: fear slave, not black
USA: fear broth the slave and black
Ethos
Ethos appeals to the speaker’s status or authority, making the audience more likely to trust them.
logos
Logos appeals to the audience’s reason, building up logical arguments.
Pathos
appeals to the emotions, trying to make the audience feel angry or sympathetic, for example.
