Unit 1

Question 1

Millions of years ago the continents existed together in one single supercontinent called ________.

Answer 1

Pangaea.

(Pen–jee–ah)

Question 2

______ is a type of movement where a part of one plate slips beneath the other plate.

Answer 2

Convergent.

Question 3

______ is a type of movement where the plates move away from each other.

Answer 3

Divergent.

Question 4

What type of movement that makes plates slide against each other, leading to friction, causing earthquakes and even tsunamis in oceans.

Answer 4

Transformational.

Question 5

Flora and Fauna.

Answer 5

Sea plants and animals.

Question 6

The measure of dissolved salts in water

Answer 6

Salinity.

Question 7

The layer where there is a marked increase in the density is called _____.

Answer 7

Pycnocline.

Pik–nock–line

Question 8

_______ is a layer where there is marked change in the salinity of ocean water.

Answer 8

Halocline.

Question 9

A process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface.

Answer 9

Upwelling.

Question 10

A process that occurs when surface waters converge (come together), pushing the surface water downwards.

Answer 10

Downwelling.

Question 11

Millions of years ago, the continents existed together in one single supercontinent called
__________.

Answer 11

Pangaea.

Question 12

The _______ is the region of the Earth system occupied by water present in oceans, lakes, and rivers.

Answer 12

Hydrosphere.

Question 13

The _______ is Earth’s crust, the thin layer of soil and rocks that form both the land and the sea floor.

Answer 13

Lithosphere.

Question 14

The _________ is the region of Earth occupied by living things such as plants, animals, and fungi.

Answer 14

Biosphere.

Question 15

Therefore, the process by which an element transforms is termed _____________.

Answer 15

biogeochemical

Question 16

____________ involve the movement of an element between the lithosphere and the hydrosphere.

Answer 16

Sedimentary cycles.

Question 17

__________ include the movement of elements through the atmosphere as well.

Answer 17

Gaseous cycles.

Question 18

What are autotrophs.

Answer 18

They are organisms that produce their own food.

Question 19

________ is the study fishes; study of the anatomy of a fish species.

Answer 19

Ichthyology.

Question 20

______________ is the term for the field of study of the health of the oceans; impact of a surfing tourist destination on marine life.

Answer 20

Environmental marine biology.

Question 21

What subfield of marine biology deals with the study of the organisms at the bottom of the ocean?

Answer 21

Deep-sea ecology.

Question 22

What field is the study of the small group of marine creatures that are mammals?

Answer 22

Marine mammalogy.

Question 23

__________ is the study of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and algae.

Answer 23

Marine microbiology.

Question 24

What is the study of all aspects of the ocean?

Answer 24

Oceanography.

Question 25

__________focuses on studying physical aspects of seawater, such as its temperature, pressure, and movements (waves, currents, and tides).

Answer 25

Physical oceanography.

Question 26

__________ deals with the chemical composition of seawater and the chemical interactions that occur during processes such as the biogeochemical cycles.

Answer 26

Chemical oceanography.

Question 27

The study of the topography of the ocean basins, their composition, and how they were formed is the focus of __________.

Answer 27

Geological oceanography.

Question 28

________ is the study of the living organisms in the ocean.

Answer 28

Biological oceanography.

Question 29

A ________ will study the phytoplankton species itself to understand its physiology, lifecycle, distribution, and so on.

Answer 29

Marine biologist.

Question 30

he variable that investigators manipulate to determine whether it influences some other phenomenon is called the ________ variable.

Answer 30

Independent.

Question 31

The ______ variable is the response that the investigator measures, such as the number of fish that die during the study.

Answer 31

Dependent.

Question 32

The layer where there is a marked increase in the density is called ___________.

Answer 32

Pycnocline.

Question 33

The ____________ is a layer where there is marked change in the salinity of ocean water.

Answer 33

Halocline.

Question 34

What is responsible for ocean currents, determines weather conditions, and determines the direction and temperature of sea breezes blowing over to the coastal lands?

Answer 34

SST sea surface temperature.