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IT > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a processor

A

it manages the functions of computer system by processing data and instructions. the main processor is the CPU

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2
Q

what is a motherboard

A

main circuit board of computer on which other components are connected to

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3
Q

what is a Power supply unit (PSU)

A

converts electricity from AC (alternate current) from main power supply do DC (direct current) which the computer system can use

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4
Q

what is Random access memory

A

volatile storage that stores all programmes that are currently running

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5
Q

what is Read only memory

A

non volatile storage that cannot be changed, it stored BIOS for when the computer is turned on

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6
Q

what is cache memory

A

volatile storage that stores data that is frequently used

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7
Q

what is magnetic storage

A

a read/ write head moves nanometres above the disk platter and uses magnetic field of platter to to read or edit data

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8
Q

what is optical storage

A

uses a laser to project beams of light, allowing it to read data from a CD, DVD or Blu-Ray

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9
Q

what is solid state drive

A

has no moving parts, data is stored electronically instead of magnetically

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10
Q

what is cloud storage

A

data is stored on large servers owned by hosting companies, hosting company is responsible for keeping servers running and making your data accessible

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11
Q

what is a small computer system interface (SCSI) and serial attached SCSI (SAS)

A

a protocol for attaching external devices to a computer system

SAS is an improved version of SCSI that enables more external devices to be connected at same time to computer system

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12
Q

characteristics of copper cables

A

limited bandwidth, cheaper when use to connect devices

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13
Q

characteristics of fiber cables

A

increased bandwidth, long distance capabilities

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14
Q

what is microwave connection

A

use radio waves to send signals across a large area via microwave towers

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15
Q

what is laser connection

A

can send data between devices in line of sight of each other

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16
Q

what is a hub

A

receives data packets from a connected device and transfers a copy to all connected nodes

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17
Q

what is a switch

A

receives data packets , processes and transfers them onto the device listed in the destination address of the packet

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18
Q

what is a modem

A

used to send data across a telephone network

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19
Q

what is a router

A

used to transfer data packets between networks

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20
Q

what is a hybrid device

A

provides the functionality of multiple communication devices in a single device

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21
Q

what is a network interface card (network adapter)

A

internal piece of hardware whats required for computer to connect to a network

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22
Q

what are the 4 steps for hardware troubleshooting

A

1- identify the problem
2- create a theory about what caused the problem
3- create a troubleshooting plan and record steps taken
4- create a findings document

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23
Q

What is open source software

A

Users can run, view and modify the code

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24
Q

What is closed source software

A

Code is restricted for users to view or modify

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25
Q

What is off the shelf software

A

Designed for a wide range of consumers with a standard design, can be used in different ways

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26
Q

What is bespoke software

A

Has been designed to meet the specific needs of a business

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27
Q

What is freeware

A

Freely available to download and use,

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28
Q

What is shareware software

A

Users can try the software for a limited time before buying

29
Q

What is embedded software

A

Smaller computer systems is installed within a larger device

30
Q

What is TCP- transmission control protocol

A

allows packets to be sent and received between computer systems

31
Q

What is IP- internet protocol

A

in charge of routing and addressing data packets

32
Q

What is UDP- user data protocol

A

faster alternative to TCP, used where low latency is important

33
Q

what is HTTP (hyper text transfer protocol) and HTTPS

A

HTTP- used to transfer web pages over the internet so users can view in web browser.

HTTPS is more secure and works with SSL (secure socket layer) to transfer encrypted data

34
Q

what is FTP- file transfer protocol

A

used to transfer files across a network

35
Q

what is ICMP- internet control message protocol

A

collects network status information and is used for troubleshooting

36
Q

what is SNMP- simple network management protocol

A

records network statistics such as router usage

37
Q

what is SMTP- simple mail transfer protocol

A

used to send emails to a mail server and between mail servers

38
Q

what is POP- post office protocol

A

used for downloading and storing emails from a mail server

39
Q

what is a file server

A

centrally stores and manages files so other systems on network can access them

40
Q

what is a printer server

A

control any printers on a network and manage printing requests by sending document to appropriate printer

41
Q

what is an application server

A

allow users to access shared applications on network, server will restrict certain applications to those with invalid access levels

42
Q

what is a database server

A

manage database software that users on network can access and use to manipulate data

43
Q

what is a web server

A

manages HTTP requests from connected devices to display web pages on web browsers

44
Q

what is a mail server

A

send and receive emails using email protocol allowing email communication between other mail servers on other network

45
Q

what is a hypervisor

A

allows host machine to operate virtual machines as guest systems. the virtual machines share the resources of the host, including memory, processing power and storage space

46
Q

what is virtualisation

A

describes the creation of a virtual version of a device, software or server

47
Q

what is storage virtualisation

A

combines multiple storage devices so they appear to be one device

48
Q

what is server virtualisation

A

allows one physical to host multiple virtual machines, each running separately

49
Q

what is a virtual client

A

a full desktop environment where the processing happens remotely

50
Q

what is the private cloud

A

where a business will have its own data centre accessible to employees

51
Q

what is the public cloud

A

uses third part service providers like google drive to provide storage over the internet

52
Q

what is a client server network

A

when clients make requests to server, the server manages the requests and responds. used in any businesses where greater control is required for security of data and information

53
Q

what is a peer to peer network

A

when data is shared directly between systems without requiring a central server. used in small offices and home networks

54
Q

what is bus topology

A

every device is connected to a single cable (bus). works well for small networks

55
Q

what is token ring topology

A

when device connections create a circular path/ring and packets of data travel from one device to the next until it reaches destination. rarely used but used to be used in schools, offices and small networks

56
Q

what is star topology

A

each system is connected to a central network device. the system sends data to central hub/switch and it looks at destination address and sends it there. used in homes and offices

57
Q

what is mesh topology

A

each system is connected to every other computer system. data packets are sent to destination address across the quickest path. internet is best example of mesh topology

58
Q

what is LAN- local area network

A

the networking of group of computers within close proximity of each other

59
Q

what is MAN- metropolitan area network

A

covers the range of a town or city

60
Q

what is a WAN- wide area network

A

A network spanning a large geographical area, such as multiple cities or countries​​

61
Q

what is MIS- management information system

A

used to collect, store, analyse and present data for an organisation

62
Q

what is CRM- customer relationship management

A

used to improve relationship between customer and business, can be used to increase customer loyalty. ultimate goal is to retain customers

63
Q

what is SOP- standard operating procedures

A

A comprehensive step-by-step guide of how to carry out a business routine. companies create an SOP to abide legislation

64
Q

what is whistle blowing

A

when member of staff reveals organisation they work for is acting unlawfully, in some countries whistle blowers are protected from being fired by law

65
Q

what is RFID- radio frequency identification and tokens

A

RFID uses electromagnetic fields to attach tags to physical objects

RFID is used with physical tokens to permit access of unauthorised people to certain areas

66
Q

what is a firewall

A

manages incoming and outgoing network traffic. each packet is processed to check whether it should be given access to network by examining source and destination address

67
Q

what is fragmentation and defragmentation

A

as files are edited over time they become fragmented- when file is split into parts that are stored in different locations of hard drive

defragmentation software rearranges file on hard disk drive so parts together again

68
Q

what is file compression

A

compression is decreasing files size

IT (2 decks)

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