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Intro to Counselling > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Maslow

A

hierarchy of needs humanistic approach; 1950s

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2
Q

Beck

A

cognitive therapy, 1950s

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3
Q

Donald Super

A

career development; 1950s

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4
Q

Berne

A

transactional development; 1950s

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5
Q

Ellis

A

rational-emotive therapy; 1950s

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6
Q

Parsons

A

founder of guidance; three factors: knowledge of work, knowledge of self, true reasoning to match the two. early 1900s

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7
Q

Beers

A

influence on psychiatry and clinical psychology. Impetus for mental health movement.

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8
Q

Krumboltz

A

Root of change; 1960s

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9
Q

Williamson

A

modified Parson’s theory; direct, counsellor-centred approach, “Minnesota point of view” and “trait-factor”. Emphasis on teaching, mentoring, influencing skills; 1930s

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10
Q

Rogers

A

Challenged Williamson’ approach and tenants of Freud. Emphasis on client responsibility. Nonjudgemental, accepting, mirroring and reflecting counsellors; 1940s.

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11
Q

Counselling

A

skilled and principle use of relationship to facilitate self-knowledge, emotional acceptance and growth, and optimal development of personal resources

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12
Q

Psychotherapy

A

focus on serious problems associated with intrapsychic, internal and personal issues and conflicts. Analytically based theory.
Emphasis on past, insight, detached therapist, expert therapist.
Long term.

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13
Q

Guidance

A

Helping individuals make important choices that affect their lives

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14
Q

Social work

A

helping individuals, families, groups and communities to enhance their individual and collective well-being

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15
Q

Kohlberg

A

theory of moral development; 1969 with renewed interest in the 90s

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16
Q

Wellness

A

Myers; optimum state of health and well-being that each individual is capable of achieving

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17
Q

Positive psychology

A

not just the study of pathology and weakness, but strength and value

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18
Q

Myers

A

model for wellness; five tasks: spirituality, self-direction, work/leisure, friendship, love

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19
Q

Social justice

A

fundamental value of fairness and equity in resources, rights and treatment for marginalized individuals and people who do not share power in society because of immigration, racial, ethic, age, socioeconomic, religious heritage, physical abilities, sexual orientationA

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20
Q

Advocacy

A

helping clients challenge barriers (educational, career, personal-socio)

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21
Q

Holland

A

specific personality types are attracted to working as counsellors.

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22
Q

Burnout

A

emotion and/or physical fatigue to the point of not performing functionally. May have loss of concern, compassion or feeling, negative attitude and negative self-concept

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23
Q

nonprofessional helpers

A

have wisdom and skill; no educational requirements

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24
Q

paraprofessionals

A

generalist human services workers; work as a team rather than individuals.

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25
Q

professional helpers

A

educated to provide assistance on a preventive and remedial level. specialized, advanced degrees

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26
Q

Psychologists

A

hold a doctoral degree in most provinces

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27
Q

Social workers

A

hold an undergraduate but usually a masters as well

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28
Q

Medical model

A

Clients are not responsible for their problems
Counsellors are experts
Drawback: client dependency

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29
Q

Moral model

A

self-help; client caused their problems and can solve them.
Counsellors are coaches and motivators
Drawback: victims of circumstance

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30
Q

Compensatory model

A

Clients are responsible for solving problems but not for causing them
Counsellors are subordinates who act as a teachers
Drawback: client feels pressure to problem solve

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31
Q

Enlightenment model

A

Client is responsible for causing problem but not solving them
Drawback: clients may become dependent

32
Q

DSM

A

Medical/pathological model using base treatment plans from the DSM (five axes)

33
Q

Developmental/wellness model

A

emphasis on prevention and education
DCT - developmental counselling and therapy
SIT - stress inoculation training

34
Q

STIPS

A

Signs and symptoms
Topics discussed in counselling
Interventions used
Progress and plant for treatment
Special issues of importance

35
Q

Myths

A

extreme views

36
Q

Ethics

A

Making decisions of moral nature about people and their interaction in society. Philosophical discipline concerned with human conduct and values.

37
Q

Morality

A

involves judgement and evaluation of actions (good, bad)

38
Q

Law

A

Governing standards to ensure legal and moral justice

39
Q

Dual relationship

A

where the role of the counsellor is combined with another relationship, whether personal or professional

40
Q

Van Hoose & Kottler Three Ethical Codes

A
  1. Protect the profession from the government; self-regulation and autonomy
  2. Control internal disagreements, promote stability
  3. Protect practitioners from the public (malpractice)
41
Q

Code of ethics

A

Designed to offer formal statements for ensuring protection of clients and identifying expectations of practitioners

42
Q

Ethical reasoning

A

the process of determining which ethical principles are involves and then prioritizing them based on professional requirements and beliefs

43
Q

Five ethical priniciples

A

autonomy (respecting freedom of choice and self-determination), fidelity (faithfulness or honouring commitment), beneficence (doing good, preventing harm), non-maleficence (not inflicting harm), justice (fairness)

44
Q

Justice

A

fairness; ethical principle

45
Q

Swanson

A

guidelines for ethical responsibility
1. personal and professional honesty
2. acting in the best interest of clients
3. act without malice of personal gain
4. justify actions

46
Q

Three models of ethical decision making by the CCPA (p64)

A

principle-based
virtue-based
quick-check

47
Q

Confidentiality

A

The ethical duty to fulfill a contract to clients that information revealed during therapy will be protected from unauthorized disclosure

48
Q

Privacy

A

The legal concept that recognizes individuals rights to choose the time, circumstance and extent to which they wish to share or withhold personal information

49
Q

Privileged communication

A

regulates privacy protection and confidentiality by protecting clients from having their confidential communications disclosed in court without their permission

50
Q

criminal liability

A

whether counsellor has caused harm to client by working with them in a way the law does not allow

51
Q

tort

A

principle of liability; a wrong that legal action is designed to set right

52
Q

Implied rights

A

linked to substantive due process; when a rule is made that arbitrarily limits an individual, they are denied substantive due process

53
Q

Explicit rights

A

procedural due process is broke (steps necessary to initiate or complete an action when an explicit rule is broken), and the person is not informed on how remedy can be made

54
Q

Aboriginal identity

A

Individual who identifies with at least one Aboriginal group, a Treat Indian or a Registered Indian

55
Q

culture

A

any group of people who identify or associate with one another on the basis of a common purpose, need, or background similarity

56
Q

multiculture

A

distinct group uniqueness and concepts that facilitate attention to individual differences

57
Q

multicultural counselling

A

the viewpoint that counsellor and client differ

58
Q

etic perspective

A

viewpoint that counselling is culturally generalizable

59
Q

emic perspective

A

viewpoint that counselling is not culturally generalizable; it must be customized based upon culture

60
Q

melting point

A

singular cultural identity

61
Q

cultural mosaic

A

plural cultural identities

62
Q

Fischer’s four conditioning of counselling

A
  1. the therapeutic relationship
  2. a shared worldview between client and counsellor
  3. client expectations for positive change
  4. interventions believed by both client and counsellor to be a means of healing
63
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the belief that your own culture is superior to another’s

64
Q

culturally encapsulated counsellor

A

have an etic stance; that counselling theories apply across all cultures

65
Q

Pederson

A

1973; Counseling Across Cultures book

66
Q

acculturation

A

the process of adapting to a new culture

67
Q

over-culturizing

A

the tendency to assign reactions to cultural pattern, instead of poverty

68
Q

racism

A

prejudice displayed towards perceived difference in physical or psychosocial backgrounds

69
Q

status variables

A

social, economic, education background, formal or informal membership

70
Q

ethnographic variables

A

ethnicity, nationality, religion, language

71
Q

demographic variables

A

age, gender, place of residence

72
Q

culture-infused counselling

A

Arthur & Collins model for multicultural counselling: 1. cultural self-awareness, 2. awareness of client cultural identifies, 3. culturally sensitive working alliance

73
Q

culture-infused counselling competence

A

integration of attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and skills for awareness of the impact of culture on personal assumptions, values and beliefs, understanding of the worldview of the client, goal agreement and tasks in the context of a trusting and culturally sensitive working alliance, and reinforcing that alliance by embracing a social justice agenda

74
Q

McFadden’s three dimensions to mastering multicultural counselling

A

cultural-historical (knowledge of client’s culture), psychosocial (understand client’s ethnic, racial and social group’s performance, speeches and behaviours to communicate meaningfully), and scientific-ideological (appropriate counselling approach to deal with problems related to regional, national and international environments)

75
Q
A

Intro to Counselling (3 decks)

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