Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro to Counselling > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Maslow

A

hierarchy of needs humanistic approach; 1950s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Beck

A

cognitive therapy, 1950s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Donald Super

A

career development; 1950s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Berne

A

transactional development; 1950s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ellis

A

rational-emotive therapy; 1950s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Parsons

A

founder of guidance; three factors: knowledge of work, knowledge of self, true reasoning to match the two. early 1900s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Beers

A

influence on psychiatry and clinical psychology. Impetus for mental health movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Krumboltz

A

Root of change; 1960s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Williamson

A

modified Parson’s theory; direct, counsellor-centred approach, “Minnesota point of view” and “trait-factor”. Emphasis on teaching, mentoring, influencing skills; 1930s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rogers

A

Challenged Williamson’ approach and tenants of Freud. Emphasis on client responsibility. Nonjudgemental, accepting, mirroring and reflecting counsellors; 1940s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Counselling

A

skilled and principle use of relationship to facilitate self-knowledge, emotional acceptance and growth, and optimal development of personal resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Psychotherapy

A

focus on serious problems associated with intrapsychic, internal and personal issues and conflicts. Analytically based theory.
Emphasis on past, insight, detached therapist, expert therapist.
Long term.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Guidance

A

Helping individuals make important choices that affect their lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Social work

A

helping individuals, families, groups and communities to enhance their individual and collective well-being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Kohlberg

A

theory of moral development; 1969 with renewed interest in the 90s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Wellness

A

Myers; optimum state of health and well-being that each individual is capable of achieving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Positive psychology

A

not just the study of pathology and weakness, but strength and value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Myers

A

model for wellness; five tasks: spirituality, self-direction, work/leisure, friendship, love

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Social justice

A

fundamental value of fairness and equity in resources, rights and treatment for marginalized individuals and people who do not share power in society because of immigration, racial, ethic, age, socioeconomic, religious heritage, physical abilities, sexual orientationA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Advocacy

A

helping clients challenge barriers (educational, career, personal-socio)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Holland

A

specific personality types are attracted to working as counsellors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Burnout

A

emotion and/or physical fatigue to the point of not performing functionally. May have loss of concern, compassion or feeling, negative attitude and negative self-concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

nonprofessional helpers

A

have wisdom and skill; no educational requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

paraprofessionals

A

generalist human services workers; work as a team rather than individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
professional helpers
educated to provide assistance on a preventive and remedial level. specialized, advanced degrees
26
Psychologists
hold a doctoral degree in most provinces
27
Social workers
hold an undergraduate but usually a masters as well
28
Medical model
Clients are not responsible for their problems Counsellors are experts Drawback: client dependency
29
Moral model
self-help; client caused their problems and can solve them. Counsellors are coaches and motivators Drawback: victims of circumstance
30
Compensatory model
Clients are responsible for solving problems but not for causing them Counsellors are subordinates who act as a teachers Drawback: client feels pressure to problem solve
31
Enlightenment model
Client is responsible for causing problem but not solving them Drawback: clients may become dependent
32
DSM
Medical/pathological model using base treatment plans from the DSM (five axes)
33
Developmental/wellness model
emphasis on prevention and education DCT - developmental counselling and therapy SIT - stress inoculation training
34
STIPS
Signs and symptoms Topics discussed in counselling Interventions used Progress and plant for treatment Special issues of importance
35
Myths
extreme views
36
Ethics
Making decisions of moral nature about people and their interaction in society. Philosophical discipline concerned with human conduct and values.
37
Morality
involves judgement and evaluation of actions (good, bad)
38
Law
Governing standards to ensure legal and moral justice
39
Dual relationship
where the role of the counsellor is combined with another relationship, whether personal or professional
40
Van Hoose & Kottler Three Ethical Codes
1. Protect the profession from the government; self-regulation and autonomy 2. Control internal disagreements, promote stability 3. Protect practitioners from the public (malpractice)
41
Code of ethics
Designed to offer formal statements for ensuring protection of clients and identifying expectations of practitioners
42
Ethical reasoning
the process of determining which ethical principles are involves and then prioritizing them based on professional requirements and beliefs
43
Five ethical priniciples
autonomy (respecting freedom of choice and self-determination), fidelity (faithfulness or honouring commitment), beneficence (doing good, preventing harm), non-maleficence (not inflicting harm), justice (fairness)
44
Justice
fairness; ethical principle
45
Swanson
guidelines for ethical responsibility 1. personal and professional honesty 2. acting in the best interest of clients 3. act without malice of personal gain 4. justify actions
46
Three models of ethical decision making by the CCPA (p64)
principle-based virtue-based quick-check
47
Confidentiality
The ethical duty to fulfill a contract to clients that information revealed during therapy will be protected from unauthorized disclosure
48
Privacy
The legal concept that recognizes individuals rights to choose the time, circumstance and extent to which they wish to share or withhold personal information
49
Privileged communication
regulates privacy protection and confidentiality by protecting clients from having their confidential communications disclosed in court without their permission
50
criminal liability
whether counsellor has caused harm to client by working with them in a way the law does not allow
51
tort
principle of liability; a wrong that legal action is designed to set right
52
Implied rights
linked to substantive due process; when a rule is made that arbitrarily limits an individual, they are denied substantive due process
53
Explicit rights
procedural due process is broke (steps necessary to initiate or complete an action when an explicit rule is broken), and the person is not informed on how remedy can be made
54
Aboriginal identity
Individual who identifies with at least one Aboriginal group, a Treat Indian or a Registered Indian
55
culture
any group of people who identify or associate with one another on the basis of a common purpose, need, or background similarity
56
multiculture
distinct group uniqueness and concepts that facilitate attention to individual differences
57
multicultural counselling
the viewpoint that counsellor and client differ
58
etic perspective
viewpoint that counselling is culturally generalizable
59
emic perspective
viewpoint that counselling is not culturally generalizable; it must be customized based upon culture
60
melting point
singular cultural identity
61
cultural mosaic
plural cultural identities
62
Fischer's four conditioning of counselling
1. the therapeutic relationship 2. a shared worldview between client and counsellor 3. client expectations for positive change 4. interventions believed by both client and counsellor to be a means of healing
63
ethnocentrism
the belief that your own culture is superior to another's
64
culturally encapsulated counsellor
have an etic stance; that counselling theories apply across all cultures
65
Pederson
1973; Counseling Across Cultures book
66
acculturation
the process of adapting to a new culture
67
over-culturizing
the tendency to assign reactions to cultural pattern, instead of poverty
68
racism
prejudice displayed towards perceived difference in physical or psychosocial backgrounds
69
status variables
social, economic, education background, formal or informal membership
70
ethnographic variables
ethnicity, nationality, religion, language
71
demographic variables
age, gender, place of residence
72
culture-infused counselling
Arthur & Collins model for multicultural counselling: 1. cultural self-awareness, 2. awareness of client cultural identifies, 3. culturally sensitive working alliance
73
culture-infused counselling competence
integration of attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and skills for awareness of the impact of culture on personal assumptions, values and beliefs, understanding of the worldview of the client, goal agreement and tasks in the context of a trusting and culturally sensitive working alliance, and reinforcing that alliance by embracing a social justice agenda
74
McFadden's three dimensions to mastering multicultural counselling
cultural-historical (knowledge of client’s culture), psychosocial (understand client’s ethnic, racial and social group’s performance, speeches and behaviours to communicate meaningfully), and scientific-ideological (appropriate counselling approach to deal with problems related to regional, national and international environments)
75

Intro to Counselling (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions