Unit 1 Flashcards
Synthesis reaction
when two reactants fuse to form products (A + B –> AB)
Decomposition reaction
One reactant decomposes into two or more products (AB –> A + B)
organic molecules
molecules that are carbon based
Combustion reaction
When with heat and oxygen, hydrocarbons release energy by burning/combusting (Hydrocarbon + Oxygen → + Water)
hydrocarbon
organic molecule comprised of only hydrogen and carbon molecules
Hydrogen bond
A hydrogen bond is not a proper chemical bond, but the result of dipole-dipole interactions
What are the SNAP Ions, and what is their significance?
Sodium, Nitrate(NO3), Ammonium(NH4), Potassium, they are all soluble in reactions
during a preparation of solutions lab, what is important to remember
water is added to the mark, and it is performed in a volumetric flask
Net ionic equation
only shows the components that reacted; leaves out spectator ions
what two products does an acid-base reaction produce?
water and a salt
What are the strong acids?
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4
What is a characteristic of a strong acid
They produce H+ ions and fully dissociate
What is an Acid-base reaction
(Bronsted-Lowry) occurs when an acid and base are mixed; neutralization reaction
What are the products of an acid base reaction
water and a salt (ionic compound)
In an Acid-base reaction, what is transferred during the reaction
H+ protons are transferred from the acid to the base
Who is the donor in an Acid-base reaction
acid
who is the proton acceptor in an Acid-base reaction
base
Conjugate Acid-base pairs
in Acid-base reactions, a conjugate base (product side) is formed via removal of H+ ions, and bases have a conjugate acid formed by adding H+ ions
How many sets of Conjugate Acid-base pairs are formed?
2
substance that loses electrons is…
oxidized
substance that gains electrons is…
reduced
What is the oxidation numbers of elements that are in their elemental form?
0
What is the oxidation number of monoatomic ions
oxidation number is equal to their ionization charge
oxidation number of oxygen
-2
Hydrogen oxidation number
+1 when bonded to a nonmetal, but -1 when bonded to a metal
Fluorine oxidation number
-1
Neutral compounds oxidation number
0
Polyatomic ions oxidation number
equals ionization charge
