Unit 1 Flashcards
What is science
Science is a way of learning about the natural world that is based on evidence and logic
What is the goal of science
To understand WHY and HOW thing happen
How does science advance
Science advances as new evidence accumulates. This allows scientists to replace, refine or expand upon accepted ideas.
What is a scientific theory
A broad explanation thats is widely excepted because is it supported by evidence
What are some examples of scientific theories
Bing Bang theory,cell theory, Atomic Theory, Plate tectonics
Why are theories important in science
Theories are important because they explain known facts and make predictions for future investigations
What is a scientific law
The description of an observed phenomenon
What are some examples of Scientific Laws
Newtons first law of motion, Newtons second law of motion, Law of conservation of mass
How is a law different from a theory
Scientific laws state what always happens
Scientific theories state why things happen
What is chemistry
The study of the composition of matter and the changes matter undergoes.
What is matter
anything that has mass and occupies space
Examples of matter
water, stars, ice cream, air, desk, literally anything
What is non matter
any type of energy or any abstract concept
examples of non matter
Time, Sound, Gravity, Feelings
What are the five area of chemistry
Physical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Study of Physical properties of materials, create new materials
Organic Chemistry
Synthesize polymers, study carbon based materials
Analytical Chemistry
Study the composition of matter
Biochemistry
Synthesize proteins, study biological processes
Inorganic Chemistry
Study of non - carbon based materials (non living)
What is inductive reasoning
The process of drawing general conclusions bases on many pieces of evidence
How is inductive reasoning used in science
Draw general conclusions
What is the scientific method
A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem
What are the steps of the scientific method
- Make an observation and ask a question
- Research topic if needed
- Make a hypothesis - if…then…because
- Design and conduct a controlled experiment
- Collect and analyze data
- Write a conclusion / report your results
What is CER
C - Claim
E - Evidence
R - Reasoning
CER - Claim
Answer the question (What do you know)
CER - Evidence
From you data (need to have numbers)
CER - Reasoning
A “rule” or scientific principle that describes why the evidence supports the claim
What is an observation
Any information that is gathered with senses
What senses can we use to make observations
Vision, Hearing, Touch, Smell, and Taste
Why are observations important to scientific investigations
Observations raise questions that lead to scientific investigations.
Then observations help scientists gather evidence.
What is a hypothesis
A hypothesis is an educated guess that can be tested with observations
What are the two criteria of a hypothesis
- A scientific hypothesis must be testable
- Ascientific hypothesis must be falsifiable.
What is an experiment
An experiment is a controlled scientific study of specific variables.
What is a manipulated (independent) variable
A manipulated (or independent) variable is a variable that is changed by the researcher. A manipulated variable is also called an independent variable.
What is a responding (dependent) variable
A responding (or dependent) variable is a variable that the researcher predicts will change if the manipulated variable changes. A responding variable is also called a dependent variable.
What is a control
A control is a variable that must be held constant so it won’t influence the outcome of an experiment.
What is a field study
When a scientist gathers evidence in the real world instead of in a lab
When is a field study more appropriate than a laboratory experiment
Field studies are needed to investigate the environment
Why is communication important in science
When scientists share their findings, they add to the body of scientific knowledge. They may also get useful feedback from other scientists.
What are graphs
A picture to show the relationship between two sets of numbers
Why are graphs important in science
Graphs organize date so we can interpret the results of an experiment
What do bar graphs show
How variables COMPARE to each other
What do line graphs show
trends in data and how variables change over time
How should you determine the intervals for your axes
- Look at your data and determine the largest number that you need to graph
- Count the number of boxes on the graph paper along each axis
- Divide the largest number by the number of boxes
Is there a way to check that you have created your graph correctly
Title
Axis
Interval
Label
Scale
T.A.I.L.S
Title - The effect of IV on DV or The relationship between IV and DV
Axis - IV and Dv are labeled, Units are written as needed
Interval - Intervals are appropriate for the best representing data on the graph
Label - Categories and Scale are labeled
Scale - Scale is appropriate and spreads the graph over most of the paper
What is replication
Getting the same result when an experiment is repeated - If research results can be replicated, it means they are more likely to be correct.
Why is replication important
Replication is important in science so scientists can “check their work.”
The result of an investigation is not likely to be well accepted unless the investigation is repeated many times and the same result is always obtained.
