Unit 1

Question 1

Rooted from the word “idea.” How the world works, how we live as a society.

Answer 1

Ideology

Question 2

Leaning more to the right side of the political spectrum, more focused on the people deciding for themselves.

Answer 2

Individualism

Question 3

Leaning more to the left side of the political spectrum, more focused on the government deciding for everyone.

Answer 3

Collectivism

Question 4

An extremist of the political left. Committed to making fundamental changes in society and government. May include violence and killing. (Left side)

Answer 4

Radical

Question 5

Someone who is generally satisfied with the way things are. While others may not support change, others would support a reform of existing political and economic order. (Middle)

Answer 5

Moderate

Question 6

An extremist of the political right who favours a return to traditional institutions and values of the past. May include violence and killing. (Right side)

Answer 6

Reactionary

Question 7

Believed that people are selfish and need to be controlled by the government. Security can only be maintained if an all power is surrendered by the people to this authority. (L)

Answer 7

Thomas Hobbes(1588-1679)

Question 8

Opposed to authoritarianism of the church and state. People are capable to decide. Governments should be created by the consent of the people. Private property is key to an individual. (R)

Answer 8

John Locke(1632-1704)

Question 9

Humans are born free, but this freedom is shackled by government authority. Private property and ownership corrupted humans. Civilization is negative, used Indigenous people as basis of his ideology. (R)

Answer 9

Jean-Jacques Rousseau(1712-1778)

Question 10

Government’s authority must be divided to ensure there is no abuse (Legislative, Executive, Judicial). Citizens must participate in the government for it to function (ex. democracy). (R)

Answer 10

Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu(1689-1755)

Question 11

Published “…Wealth of Nations” in 1776. Government’s role should be limited to just maintaining rule of law, etc. People working for themselves would result in increased wealth for the nation. (R)

Answer 11

Adam Smith(1723-1790)

Question 12

Developed a well-known theory known as Marxism. Human society is defined by class struggle, a conflict between the wealthy (bourgeoisie) and working class (proletariat). Would lead to worldwide revolution and develop a classless society. (L)

Answer 12

Karl Marx(1818-1883)

Question 13

His wife wrote a lot of his stuff under his name. Interested in protection of individual freedom. But the power of individual must be limited. (M/R)

Answer 13

John Stuart Mill(1806-1873)

Question 14

Benefit the most people for least cost.

Answer 14

Utilitarianism

Question 15

Taking things people did on their own and put it in specialized building to makes those things. (Mass production)

Answer 15

Factory System

Question 16

Free-market. A system that leaves all the productions to the individuals for self-interest.

Answer 16

Laissez-Fraire

Question 17

Society must return to its past roots to survive. Same time as Adam Smith but reached different conclusions. Saw equality, individualism, and freedom as source of conflict.

Answer 17

Edmund Burke(1729-1797)

Question 18

Realization society cannot truly return to its roots but can promote benefits of the past.

Answer 18

Liberal Conservatism

Question 19

Principles of Liberalism

Answer 19

1)Rule of Law
2) Individual Rights and Freedoms
3) Private Property
4)Economic Freedom
5) Self-interest
6) Competition

Question 20

Principles of Collectivism

Answer 20

1) Collective Interest
2) Collective responsibility
3) Public Property
4) Economic Equality
5) Co-Operation
6) Adherence to Collective Norms

Question 21

Both individuals and collectivists think their ideology to achieve ___________.

Answer 21

Common Good