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Bio 114 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A general, unifying explanation of observations

A

hypothesis

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2
Q

What telescope would be used when biologists wish to study the VERY small internal organelles in cells

A

transmission electronic microscope

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3
Q

What telescope would be used when biologists wish to see just the cell membrane & possibly the nucleus in a cell

A

light microscope

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4
Q

How do you calculate the total magnification of an image in a telescope

A

objective power x ocular power

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5
Q

What is the magnification of the ocular in a telescope

A

10

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6
Q

Is course adjustment used when viewing a specimen under high power

A

no

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7
Q

What advantage does light microscopy have over electron microscopy

A

light microscopy allows one to view processes in living cells

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7
Q

this telescope can only view dead or nonliving specimens, shoot a stream of electrons at the specimen, magnify more than a another type of microscope & are more expensive

A

electron microscope

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7
Q

The process by which an individual keeps internal conditions within tolerable ranges

A

homeostasis

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7
Q

How are magnification and resolution related

A

they are inversely related (as the magnification increases, the resolution decreases)

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7
Q

How many cells are all living things composed of

A

1 or more cells

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7
Q

How do asexual and sexual reproduction transmit genetic information

A

from one generation to the next

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7
Q

The characteristics of life

A

Organization, Energy & Metabolism to Maintain Homeostasis, Growth & Development, Adaptation, Response to stimuli, Movement, Reproduction

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8
Q

Are hydrogen bonds the weakest type of bond

A

yes

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9
Q

What does the movement of water in plants against gravity require

A

adhesion and cohesion

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10
Q

The binding of “like” molecules

A

cohesion

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11
Q

Why does ice float to allow fish to swim below it

A

water is less dense when it freezes

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12
Q

What allows some insects to “walk on water”

A

Surface tension caused by cohesion

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13
Q

What would be the solute of Kool Aid

A

the sugar

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14
Q

What would be the solvent of Kool Aid

A

the water

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15
Q

What would be the solution of Kool Aid

A

the Kool Aid mixed together

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16
Q

Substances that reduce surface tension

A

surfactants (make water “wetter”) (example: soap)

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17
Q

has no nucleus, has nucleoid regions, has ribosomes (no organelles), has a cell membrane and sometimes a cell wall; example: bacteria cells

A

prokaryotic cell

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18
Q

has a nucleus, has organelles, has a cell membrane and can have cell wall; examples; animal cells, plant cells, fungi cells, and protist cells

A

eukaryotic cell

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19
Q

it absorbs water and the cell can grow

A

vacuole

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20
Q

What are mitochondria and chloroplasts similar to

A

free-living bacteria

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21
Q

Double Layer that surrounds the Cell Membrane

A

cell wall

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22
Q

Long slender structure used for motility

A

flagella

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23
Q

Contains the cell’s DNA & controls the cell’s activity

A

nucleus

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24
Q

Makes ribosomes

A

nucleolus

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25
Q

Site of Protein Synthesis

A

ribosomes

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26
Q

synthesize lipids

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

Site of Cellular Respiration that makes ATP

A

mitochondria

28
Q

Modifies, sorts & packages proteins & lipids

A

golgi complex

29
Q

Contains digestive enzymes

A

lysosomes

30
Q

Collect waste, debris & toxins

A

vacuole

31
Q

Capture energy for Photosynthesis

A

chloroplasts

32
Q

Framework of proteins filaments that support & organize cells

A

cytoskeleton

33
Q

What is a key problem that very large cells face

A

it has too much volume for its surface area, causing it to run short on food and waste would build up

34
Q

the membrane in a cell that is fluid and semi-permeable

A

plasma membrane

35
Q

Can a spontaneous reaction occur without the input of energy

A

yes

36
Q

The measure of disorder or randomness

A

entropy

37
Q

What does the first law of thermodynamics state

A

that energy can’t be created or destroyed

38
Q

How does ATP power cellular processes

A

by breaking off a phosphate

39
Q

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions

A

by lowering activation energy; they are specific to their substrate and are not used up

40
Q

A protein that binds to a substance outside the cell to trigger a change

A

receptor protein

41
Q

A protein that tags a cell as belonging to “self”

A

recognition protein

42
Q

A protein that helps cells stick together

A

adhesion protein

43
Q

A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction

A

enzyme

44
Q

A protein that assists ions & molecules across the membrane

A

transport protein

45
Q

What is the optimum pH of pepsin

A

3 or 4 which is acidic

46
Q

What is the optimum pH of salivary amylase

A

7 which is neutral

47
Q

What is a cell membrane also known as

A

phospholipid bilayer

48
Q

A passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration that occurs until equilibrium is reached without using energy

A

diffusion

49
Q

A type of Passive Transport that moves water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using cellular energy

A

osmosis

50
Q

When there is more solute inside the cell than outside

A

hypotonic

51
Q

When there is more solute outside the cell than inside

A

hypertonic

52
Q

When there is equal amounts of solute both inside & outside

A

isotonic

53
Q

What does a paramecium have that helps with osmoregulation (pumps out the water that is flowing in)

A

contractile vacuole

54
Q

3 types of active transport that require energy from ATP

A

endocytosis, exocytosis, and pumps

55
Q

A type of Active Transport that takes material into cells

A

endocytosis such as pinocytosis (takes in liquids) and phagocytosis (takes in solids)

56
Q

Organisms that make their own food

A

autotrophs

57
Q

How are wavelength and energy related

A

inversely related (as the wavelength increases, the amount of energy decreases)

58
Q

Why do we see green when we look at a plant

A

because the the green light is reflected by chlorophyll

59
Q

What determines the timing of leaf color changes in the fall

A

the length of night (dark)

60
Q

What pigments are hidden in the summer months until the chlorophyll is destroyed in the fall

A

carotenoids and anthocyanins

61
Q

What process(es) do animal cells go through: Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration

A

cellular respiration

62
Q

What process(es) do plant cells go through: Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration

A

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

63
Q

reaction that requires oxygen

A

aerobic reaction

64
Q

reaction that doesn’t require oxygen

A

anaerobic reaction

65
Q

Does glycolysis use oxygen and where does it occur

A

anaerobic; cytoplasm

66
Q

Does Kreb’s Cycle use oxygen and where does it occur

A

aerobic; mitochondria

67
Q

Does the Electron Support Train use oxygen and where does it occur

A

aerobic; mitochondria

68
Q

Which cellular respiration process makes the most ATP

A

electron support train

69
Q

releases oxygen, uses energy to drive dark reactions, creates glucose, and happens in the chloroplasts

A

photosynthesis

70
Q

consumes oxygen, generates energy (ATP), uses glucose, happens in the mitochondria

A

cellular respiration

71
Q

Chemical Equation for photosynthesis

A

6 carbon dioxide + 12 water + light energy –> 1 glucose + 6 oxygen

72
Q

Chemical Equation for cellular respiration

A

1 glucose + 6 oxygen –> 6 carbon dioxide + 6 water + ATP

Bio 114 (3 decks)

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