Unit 1 Flashcards
Tories
Supported the king and the Church of England. They wanted to reserve power for the king.
The term ‘Tory’
Derogatory term from Irish origin meaning Catholic outlaws who lived in bog countries
Whigs
Supporters of religious liberty and parliament. They were responsible for ousting James 2 from the throne in 1688. They want power for parliament then the king
Radicals
Word used to describe some tories and whigs.
Extreme and want major reform
Franchise
Those eligible to vote
How many people could vote?
11%
Who couldn’t vote?
Women
Under 21
Vast majority of working and middle class men
Who could become mp?
Until 1858 MPs had to be land owners
Constituency
Geographical area of voting where 2 MPs are sent to parliament
How many mps could county’s send
2
Who could vote in countys?
Men who owned land/property worth 40 shillings a year in rent.
Who could vote in boroughs?
No uniform voting qualification. Different rules on who could vote depending where you lived.
•potwallopers
•All freeman
•burgages
•Scot and lot
How many votes in Liverpool during 1700s?
Over 5000
Rotten boroughs
Small boroughs where corrupt voting occurred by small groups.
Example of rotten borough
Old Salem - voters were bribed
Pocket boroughs
Landowners manipulated workers and controlled elections.
Ludittes
1811-1816
Economic
Destroyed machinery - unemployment
Spa Fields
1816
Political
Tower of London riots/extremist group spenceans/revolution
The March of the Blanketeers
1817
The Pentrich Rising
1817
Political
The Peterloo Massacre
1819
Political and Economic
The Cato Street Conspiracy
1820
Political
Swing Riots
1830
Economic
Merthyr Rising
1831
Economic
Tolpuddle Martyrs
1834
Economic
Rebecca Riots
1839 - 1843
Economic
When was the aliens act
1793
When was the suspension of Haebus Corpus
1794
When was the public meetings act
1795
When were corresponding societies made illegal
1796
When were the combinations
acts
1799
When were government spies used and when was the death penalty given for breaking machines
1812
When was the defence of the realm act
1798
Who was John Wilkes
MP for Middlesex/ North Britain newspaper/ reformer
Who was Christopher Wyvill?
clergyman for Yorkshire
What did Wyvill find?
Yorkshire Association in 1779
Problems with the election
Outdated (300years)/boroughs/bribery
When did Pitt attempt parliamentary reform?
1783 and 1785
When was Pitt PM
1783
Why was Pitt’s attempts unsuccessful?
Reformers not united/focus on economic reform George 3 opposed/fear of losing seats
Why did Pitt oppose reforms in 1790s?
Fearful of revolution/focus on financial reform/focused on wars in France
What did Pitt want at the start of his leadership?
moderate reform
Why was Pitt’s reform attempts significant?
Closest we got to reform in half a century/encouraged societies and campaigns
When did French rev start?
1789
When was the Terror?
1793
When was King Louis xvi executed?
1793
How many died in the terror?
30,000
What was the Aliens Act?
regulated number of refugees fleeing from the revolution to Britain
What was the suspension of Haebus Corpus?
Anyone could be arrested and held merely on suspicion of committing crime
What was the public meetings act?
Banned meetings of over 50 who planned petition/demonstration against King/parliament
What happened on the 29th October 1795?
King booed/shouted at while attending theatre
Name a reform group
London Corresponding Society
When was the naval mutiny?
1797
What was the combinations act?
prohibited trade unions
What were Jacobins?
Supporters of French Revolution
Who was Thomas Paine?
Supported French rev and demanded radical political reform/Rights of Man
When did Britain go to war with France
1793 - 1815
When were the corn laws?
1815
When was the game laws
1816
When was income taxed introduced
1799
When did Pitt resign and then comeback
1801 and 1804
When did Liverpool become PM?
1812
What party was Liverpool?
Conservative
When did Wellington become PM?
1828
When did Earl Grey become PM?
1830
What party is Grey?
Whig
When was Peel PM?
1834 - 1835 then 1841
When was Melbourne PM?
1835
When was Russel PM?
1846
When was Gladstone PM?
1868
When was Disraeli PM?
1868
What did Liverpool introduce?
Repressive roles
What were the Gag acts 1817
Treason Act and seditious meetings act
What were the repressive policies Liverpool gave?
Six acts and gag acts
Radical Individuals
Henry Hunt and William Cobbett
Name a radical club
Hampden Clubs
Radical publications
Black Dwarf/Black book
When did Liberal tories start to be introduced?
After 1822
What were the reasons for liberal tory reform?
More middle class MPs/social economic improvements/Castlereagh/Queen Caroline
Liberal Tory reforms
Huskisson’s free trade reforms/repeal of combination laws/Peels Law and Order reforms/Religious reforms
What was Huskinssons free trade reforms?
Made goods cheaper for people/removed trade restrictions/modified corn laws
What were Peel’s law and order reforms?
Penal code reform/Jails Act 1823/Met police Act 1829
What were the religious reforms?
Repeal of test and corporation act 1828/Catholic Emancipation Act 1829
Why were liberal tory reforms significant?
Progressive and had long-term effects
What was the governments actions to Spa Fields?
Responded with force/suspended Habeas corpus/Gag Acts 1817
Why was there demand for reform in the 1830s?
Fair rep wanted/Economic slump/death of George IV/Trade unions/rev in Europe/Passing Catholic Emancipation
What union put pressure for reform in 1830s?
Birmingham Political union
What did swing riots persuade?
Great Reform Act 1832
How GRA changed franchise
disenfranchised 56 boroughs/broadened property qualification
How GRA changed representation
Middle class can vote/more seats given to boroughs that never had an MP
What were swing riots?
Agricultural workers that Smashed and threatened because of tithe system and low wages
What did swing riots lead to?
Poor Law Amendment Act 1834
What was Merthyr rising?
Working class/coal miners that stormed the towns armed and destroyed account books
Who were the Tolpuddle Martyrs
labourers/agricultural, because of low wages formed group to demand higher wages to Frampton the landowner
Name of Tolpuddle group
Friendly society of Agricultural workers
Political protests
Spa Fields/The pentrich rising/Peterloo massacre/Cato Street Conspiracy
Economic protests
The ludittes/March of Blanketeers/Peterloo/Tolpuddle/Rebecca riots/merthyr rising/swing riots
Social protests
Ludittes/Tolpuddle
What was Peel’s manifesto called?
Tamworth manifesto
Anti corn law MPs
Richard Cobden and John Bright
