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Psych Assessment > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Grad Record Exam (GRE)

A

Administered by ETS (Educational Testing Service), decides future school/career advancements
-Verbal reasoning, quantitative reading, analytical writing

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2
Q

Issue: What is a norm/comparison?

A

-Does accurately rep?
-Consistent/reliable? Valid?

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3
Q

Places making decisions based on Assessments

A

-Hospitals make diagnostics, treatment, and triage
-Schools assess Cog, higher education placement, emotion, & bhvr
-College/U decide admissions, scholarships, & licensing’s
-Jobs decide Hiring, placement, and promotion
-Neuropsych: Diagnosis, treatment, prognosis
-FP: Trials, custody, ect

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4
Q

Chinese Civil Service Exams

A

The first series of psych. ass. of 3 exams, testing diverse topics, that were physically grueling, exhausting, & stressful

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5
Q

Physiognomy, phrenology, and psych. graphing

A

Judging INS (inside) w/ outside features/shape of head
-Bigger/smaller area phy. relfects INC/DEC INT there

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6
Q

German Psych

A

Memory drum test, testing visual & verbal perceptions

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7
Q

Conrad Reiger

A

Developed battery tests (100+), ass. cog. abilities after a TBI

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8
Q

Brass Instruments Era

A

1800s role of psych noticed
-Sensory threshold & reaction time measured
-“AVG” brain interest
-Wilhelm Wundt

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9
Q

The Father of Eugenics

A

S. Francis Galton AKA Father of Health Testing
-Set up human measurement lab
-Individual differences and INT measurement
-Corr. techniques for data analysis
-Author of Hereditary Genius, promotion of eugenics

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10
Q

Brass Instrument Tech

A

Imported to America by Cattell
-Studied by Wundt & Galton
-Coined term “Mental test”
Est. of psych corp, promotion, and testing

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11
Q

Rating Scales

A

Quantify subjective psy. Vs
-Christian Thomasius made first PER. scale

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12
Q

Switching to higher mental proscesses

A

-Binet coins the term “higher mental processes”
-Belief that INTs and memory could be enhanced/higher
-“Non-INT” factors (Attention, motivation, ect) affect INT performance
-Binet helped ID those needing special/different educations

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13
Q

Binet-Simon Scale

A

30-item scale testing child-mental DEV
-Short test ~1hr
-Items arranged by difficulty
-Didn’t like IQ, believing INT can’t be measured/not fixed
-“mental age” introduced
-Revisions introducing teenagers, then eventually adulthood

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14
Q

IQ (INT Quotient)

A

Mental age VS actual ratio
-Was 5-10 VS 30-35 OR 2-4 VS 10-12
-Now Mental age / # age X 100 (to make easier to understand)

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15
Q

Binet-Simon Scale CONT

A

(Lewis Terman) Stanford U changes Q RNG, testing “Low” or “Superior” INT
-Yields IQ
-LT wanted to test people to better place them in careers

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16
Q

Early use & Abuse of tests in US

A

-Vineland training school in NJ
-Binet-S scale translated to use on immigrants, still reflecting US culture only
-“Feeble minded” (deemed at 8-12) thought to need to be contaminated to stop spreading

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17
Q

Ellis Island

A

Goddard tasked to screen 12M immigrants
-“Feeble minded” thought to be the cause of crimes, ect
-Test was janky and conditions were harsh
-Reports of “FM” inferiority, later recanted

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18
Q

Army Alpha Assess. VS Army Beta Assess

A

Alpha: 8 verbally loaded tests to screen AVG-HIGH INT

Beta: 8 parallell non-verbal tasks to test those illiterate, and non-native-Engl speaking

-Both had poor/janky testing conditions, instructions
-Brigham wrote Study of American Intelligence, comparing to non-Americans, causing racial prejudices and belief that they were inferior

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19
Q

Immigration Restriction Act

A

Sterilization of the “FM”
- Brigham eventually recants statement, admiting that cultural, language, & educational differences were the cause of “FM”, not genetic inferiority

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20
Q

National INT Test

A

1920s, given to children, establishing the College Entrance Exam Board (CEEB) to screen students
-CEEB replaced by Educational Testing Service (ETS), developing GRE & SAT

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21
Q

Interest Inventories

A

Measures for guidance counseling and career interest
-Carnegie Interest Inventory, Kudar preference Record

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22
Q

Personal Data sheet

A

Woodworth data sheet used to study army recruits

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23
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A

Clinically used to do psy. diagnosis, pre-employment screening, medical/substance use testing, forensic evals, ect
-Inspires the Big 5 PER Inventory (Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

24
Q

Projective Hypothesis

A

Reveals/projects hidden needs, desires, conflict responding to ambiguous stim
-Expands clinical psy, health psy, Child-clinical psy, FP, and industrial psy

25
Q

Emphasis on Evidence Based Practices

A

Need for proof that therapy works
-Ass. of patients for insurance
-Clinical psych was thought to be just “mental testing”

26
Q

Descriptive VS Inferential Stats

A

Descriptive describes, Inferential uses math to infer about a sample

27
Q

Magnitude

A

How much, “value”, M-L-=to

28
Q

Equal Interval

A

Difference btwn Vs (distance btwn A & B)

29
Q

Nominal data

A

categorical data, no magnitude, 0, and =Intervals

30
Q

Ordinal data

A

Ranking data (1st-3rd place)
-Has magnitude and =intervals, no 0

31
Q

Interval data

A

Has magnitude and =intervals, no 0 (temperature)

32
Q

Ratio data

A

time, calories, ect
-Has magnitude, =intervals, and 0

33
Q

Criterion test VS Norm test#

A

Criterion: Must = or surpass a certain degree
-Final grade for a pre-requisite class

Norm test: AVG, comparison test

34
Q

Frequency Distribution

A

All scores listed going up or down w/ # of times scored
-Could be cumulative

35
Q

Grouped Freq. Distributions

A

Score intervals used to sum. data
-Must be =intervals

36
Q

Histogram

A

Scores tested along x, freq. along y, using continuous data

37
Q

Frequency Polygon

A

Scores tested along x, freq. along y, Line graph that uses continual data

38
Q

Bar graph

A

Scores tested along x, freq. along y, Uses discrete data

39
Q

Normal VS + skewed VS - skewed

A

A normal distribution is a perfect bell curve. Negatively skewed data clusters to the right side.
-Test too easy, insufficient ceiling
Positively skewed data clusters to the left side.
-Test too hard, insufficient floor

40
Q

Arithmetic M (ean)

A

Sum of scores / n
-Can be influenced by extreme scores

41
Q

Mdn & Mode

A

Mdn - Middle score of dist. listed L-G or G-L

Mode - Most common/freq. score
-Highest point on freq. curve

42
Q

Measures of central tendency

A

M, Mdn, Mode

43
Q

Measure of Variability/Dispersion

A

How close together or spread out are the scores in the group?How do the scores vary/are dispersed on the graph?
-Rng
-Variance & SD

44
Q

Range

A

Difference between highest and lowest score
-Doesn’t offer much info
-Scores are possible outliars

45
Q

Normal Curve

A

Smooth, bell-shaped, mathematically defined curve
-Highest in center (Mode)
-M is +/- 1SD

46
Q

Standard Score

A

Raw score converted from original scale to another to arbitrarily set the M & SD
-EX common currency VS $ in another country
-z-score, t-score, SAT scores

47
Q

Z Score

A

EX: Score: 74, M = 70, SD = 4. The person scored +1SD from the average.
-x(score) - M / SD = z-score
-WK: Can be + or -, can have decimals

48
Q

t-scores

A

Have an advantage over z-score by eliminating decimals and NEG scores.
-Common in personality tests & interest inventories

49
Q

Percentile

A

% of people/subjects falling below a given score
-STR: Readily understandable by most people
-WK: Unequal intervals along a number line
-Sm scores in middle, Lg on outside
-Not like a test score

50
Q

Standard Test

A

Clearly IDs procedures for administration
-EX timed VS untimed tasks
-Clearly IDs scoring proceedures

51
Q

Norm/Standardization

A

Rep. sample of test takers to give scores/results context
-Closer the client, better the comparison

52
Q

Random VS Stratified Sample

A

Random sampling gives each person in Pop. an = chance to be selected. Stratified has those from “key” subgroups in the same proportion they occur in the population.

53
Q

Incidental/Convenient Sample

A

The conveniently available sample, those willing to participate

54
Q

Subgroup Norm

A

Scores compared only to those in the same subgroup, the norm of the subgroup.
-EX concussed Skelly VS others w/ concussion

55
Q

Location Norm, Age Norm, & Grade Norm

A

Location = Norms in a certain area.
Age = AVG performance for each age in the norm sample.
-Can change w/ age, allows for comparison to others the same age
Grade = AVG performance of a certain school lvl/year

56
Q

Norm Ref Test VS Criterion/mastery Ref Test

A

Norm is based on AVG
-Examines L-H, uses REP sample, provide MAX discrimination
Criterion-ref test must meet a certain standard and has relevance
-INC used to determine HS eligibility

Psych Assessment (4 decks)

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