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AP US Government > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

Pilgrims left Britain upon facing religious persecution to Massachusetts desiring a single body politic, and created the Mayflower Compact based in Christian morals and the right to self rule

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2
Q

Factors in creating the US constitution

A

British rule of the Colonies
American Revolution
Failure of the articles of confederation
Debate over inclusion of the bill of rights

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3
Q

John Lock

A

Idea: people were born free and equal under god with unalienable right

Natural law
Second treatise of civil government

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4
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Humans live in a state of nature that results in war
Necessity of absolute sovereignty with a social contract

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5
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

A

Republican form of government with specific limited power granted citizens liberty

Spirit of the Laws

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6
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

Free people find a single body politic and serve as the ultimate power

Popular sovereignty
Social contract

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7
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

the people serve as the ultimate power while the government carries out the laws

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8
Q

Social contract

A

a theory that addresses the questions of the origin of society and legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual

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9
Q

Republicanism

A

stresses liberty and individual rights as central values while rejecting monarchy

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10
Q

Republic

A

elect leaders for a period of time to execute laws for the public interest

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11
Q

Representative Republic

A

collection of sovereign states gather for national interests, needs, and defense

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12
Q

Committee

A

one delegate from each state representing at the convention

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13
Q

What 4 democratic ideals are in the founding documents

A
  • Limited government
  • natural rights
  • Popular sovereignty
  • republicanism
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14
Q

Direct Democracy

A

every citizen voting on every issue with the majority prevailing

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15
Q

Representative democracy

A

government in which people entrust elected officials to represent them

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16
Q

Pluralist Democracy

how is it represented in the constitution

A

Various political interest groups try to control the political agenda with compromising

use of compromise to get laws passed

17
Q

Participatory democracy

how is it represented in the constitution

A

total participation in politics from everyone

separation of powers with federal and state governments

18
Q

Elite democracy

how is it represented in the constitution

A

the richest and most educated hold the power

elected representatives

19
Q

Federalists beliefs (3)

A
  • supported constitutional structure
  • strong federal government
  • Full ratification of the constitution
20
Q

Anti-federalists beliefs (3)

A
  • opposed consolidation of the states
  • disliked large republic
  • Against strong central government
21
Q

7 Weaknesses in the AOC

A
  • requires 9 states to agree in order to enact national law
  • congress could not tax the people directly
  • national government could not raise/maintain an army
  • all 13 states must agree to amendment of an article
  • no national court system or currency
  • federal government had only one branch, congress
  • congress couldn’t regulate state commerce
22
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A

In 1786, farmers lost their farms due to mortgage and failure to pay taxes to they demanded the printing of more money, lowering taxes, and suspending mortgages

23
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Governor Edmund Randolph proposed a 3-branch system with a national executive, judiciary, and a 2-house legislature

(supported by large states)

24
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Assumed states their sovereignty through a national government with limited and defined powers

(supported by smaller states)

25
Q

Great Compromise

A

Roger Sherman created a 2-house Congress with the senate and house, which satisfied seats in a legislature and equal state representation

26
Q

Extradition Clause

A

address how states should handle runaway slaves and fugitives

27
Q

Electoral college

A

each state has the same number of electors in congress, people voted for these electors

28
Q

Confederal system

A

the smaller governments have more power than the larger central government

29
Q

USA Patriot Act

A

in response to 9/11 attacks, the government started online information gathering

30
Q

USA Freedom Act

A

reduced information gathering

31
Q

Elementary and Secondary Education Act

A

Passed by President Lyndon Johnson, improved educational opportunities for low income children

32
Q

No child left behind act

A

most could not meet expectations
Improvements for teaching and sanctions for under performing schools

33
Q

Race to the top initiative

A

Obama
Offered incentives rather than sanctions for new educational standards

34
Q

Every student succeeds act

A

Obama
states are free to set own educational standards while protecting disadvantaged students

AP US Government (4 decks)

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