Unit #1 Flashcards
Label these regions of the abdomen
Label the quadrants of the abdomen
name these body planes
What body plane receives this view?
Coronal Plane
What body plane receives this view?
Sagittal Plane
What body plane receives this view?
Transverse Plane
Describe Acoustic Enhancement, aka Through Transmission, and what causes it to occur?
Occurs when the sound waves move faster than usual
Liquids, such as urine, cause sound waves to do this.
Describe Acoustic Impedance, and what may cause this?
Anything that stops sound waves, such as gas
When Acoustic Impedance occurs, an ______ ________ is usually visible.
Acoustic shadow
What does the abbreviation, ALARA stand for? What is this referring to.
As
Low
As
Reasonably
Achievable
This is referring to the intensity of the frequency rate, (which can be adjusted), in addition to the exposure time.
What does Anechoic mean? What object would appear this way in the body?
No echo. A cyst would appear anechoic.
(prefix “an” means without)
What is Ascites?
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Describe what attenuation is
Attenuation occurs when the frequency of the ultrasound is absorbed by a structure, making it more difficult to access what is being scanned. Because of this, scanning a 850lb person will take a higher frequency vs. a 100lb person.
Label these directional references
Describe beam divergence
The widening of the beam as it travels, triangle effect
Calculi means _____, and they are noticeable because the beam _____ pass through them, casting a ______ in the image
stone
can’t
shadow
What are calipers and what are they used for in imaging?
Calipers are measurement cursors that are used to calibrate the distance between echoes of interest on the imaging screen
On an imaging screen, when you see one vein as purple, and one artery as red, this is the work of ______ ______. One important thing to note about this is what?
Color flow.
The machine doesn’t always label arteries as red, and veins as blue, as they usually are. It will just color blood flow in one direction one color and blood flow in another direction, another color.
What is another word for complex mass? Give an example of what one may be. What is it made up of?How is it portrayed on the imaging screen?
abnormal mass in the body, such as a cyst, that is made up of both fluid and tissue
It is portrayed as partially see through with various shades of gray
Describe ipsilateral
Situated on or affecting the same side of the body. Example: right arm and right leg
Describe bilateral
Involving or belonging to both sides of the body on the same half. Example: right and left knees
Describe unilateral
Involving or belonging to one body part on one side of the body. Example: right leg
Describe contralateral
Referring to opposite sides of the body on opposite portions
Describe contrast
A comparison of light to dark
What is another word for coupling agent?
Gel
What is showing in this image?
The left and right Crura/Crus of the diaphragm
A fluid collection within the body that does not meet the criterial to be considered a true cyst is called a ________.
Cystic
What is depth of penetration? What does it correspond to?
The distance the sound wave travels through an object. Corresponds to the frequency.
What is diffuse disease?
An infiltrative disease that alters the normal echo pattern throughout an organ
This image below is a visual representation of the ____ ______
Doppler effect
_____ is used to detect blood flow through vessels. It detects both the ____ and ____ of blood flow.
Doppler.
Presence and direction
The word echogenic describes….
A body structure that is able to produce echoes or echo patterns on sonograms.
_____ ______ is used to tell the texture of a structure when viewing it to tell if its grainy or smooth.
Echo texture
______ ________ _______ is an abnormal disease process that originates outside of an organ
Extraorgan pathology
______/______ change is a disease process confined to isolated area(s) of an organ
focal/multifocal change
What is a focal zone?
An area where the image is focused
What is the name of what is being pointed to on this image?
Gray scale
_____ means NOT the same throughout, where as _____ means the same throughout
heterogenous = not the same
homogenous = the same
_____ is used to describe echoes that are brighter to surrounding areas, where as ____ is used to describe echoes that are not as bright as surrounding areas.
Hyperechoic = brighter than surroundings
Hypoechoic = darker than surroundings
What occurs with an infiltrative disease?
A disease will spread throughout an entire organ
When a disease originates within an organ it is called ______ ________
intraorgan pathology
Define intraperitoneal
Give some examples
Abdominopelvic structures that are enclosed by the parietal peritoneum (lined with organ)
stomach, spleen, gallbladder etc…
_____ ______ is an anomaly that usually occurs near the diaphragm or lungs when an image is duplicated.
Mirror artifact
Define necrotic
death of tissue, and is now rotting
Parenchyma is the ____ composing an organ and can generally be referred to as _____
tissue. tissue
The thin sheet of tissue that lines the peritoneal cavity is known as the ________
peritoneum
pleural effusion is
a collection of fluid inside the lung
Ultrasound image artifact caused when sound waves pass through and beyond a structure whose acoutic impedance is noticeably different from another nearby structure causing a large amount of reflection back to the transducer is known as _____
Reverberation
Separations are
linings that divide organs in images, like cubicles
Solid mass
Abnormal mass composed of tissue
Knobs on an ultrasound machine that are used to create clearer images are abbreviated as _____. What does it stand for?
TGC
Time-Gain Compensation
What are the four types of scanning planes?
Sagittal Plane
Transverse Plane
Coronal Sagittal Plane
Coronal Transverse Plane
Draw an ultrasound footprint for a Coronal Sagittal Plane
Draw an ultrasound footprint for a Coronal Transverse Plane
Draw an ultrasound footprint for a Sagittal Plane
Draw an ultrasound footprint for a transverse plane
