Unit 1 Flashcards
Define Health
A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of diseases
Define the subjectivity of health (4)
- How someone feels
- Self reported
- Varies from person to person
- Influenced by health beliefs, perceptions and experiences
Examine and apply the dimensions of health (12)
1) Physical health: body condition, absence of diseases, the fitness level
2) mental health: ability of the mind to process and understand information and experiences
3) emotional health: ability to process thoughts, feelings and behaviour also the ability to cope and manage emotions
4) spiritual health: an understanding and acceptance of your connection to the world and place in it.
5) Social health: the ability of individual to form healthy and rewarding interpersonal relationships
6) Sexual health: requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and relationships
Define and explain the models of health
Biomedical:
* what is wrong with the person,
* combines biology and medicine
* Involves diagnosis, treatment and resolution of a disease
* management focuses on the pathology of the disease
Social model
* what the person needs?
* considers all factors that contribute to health
* social , cultural, political, environmental factors
* embraces all aspects of human experience
Major component of each model: biomedical
- has to do with the impairments and chronic illness that pose real difficulties but are not the main problem
- traditional view: disability is caused by the physical, mental and sensory (which are the impairments)
- individual is impaired and it’s the problem
- focuses on the cure
Major components of each model : social model
- Social barrier’s
Environment: inaccessible- building, service, language, communication.
Attitudes( prejudice, stereotypes, discrimination)
Organisation’s- inflexible procedures and practises
What is primary health care
Essential healthcare Based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals within the communities through their participants and at the cost of the community and the country being able to afford to maintain at every stage of development
The origin of Primary health care
Primary health care originated at the international conference of PHC in the year 1978 at Alma Ata, Kazasktan, theme: health for all and was attended by 134 countries
Alma Ata declaration
- it’s the holistic definition of health
- inequality is politically, socially and economically unacceptable
- economic and social development should protect and promote health
- people have the the right to participate in their health
- governments should offer health services
Principles primary healthcare
- Multi sectoral approach: approaches to health should relate to other sectors of development
- community involvement : communities should be involved in the development of services to promotes self reliance and reduce dependency
- appropriate technology: services should be effective, culturally acceptable and manageable
- equitable distribution: universal coverage of the population with case provided to need.
- focus on prevention: services should be promtive, preventative and curative
Objectives of PHC
- Promotion of proper nutrition
- Adequate supply of safe water
- Basic Sanitation
- mothers and child care
- immunisation against infection
- Education concerning preventing health problems
- appreciate treatment for common diseases and injury
Provision of essential
Aimed at informed us about what should be achieved
First 6 are preventative and the 2 are curative
Compare and apply selective and comprehensive health
View of Health :
(S) absence of diseases
(C) positive wellbeing
Control over health:
(S) Health care professionals
(C) community and individual
Major focus :
(S) health through medical intervention
(C) health through community development and equality
Health care providers:
(S) doctors and other health professionals
(C) inter professional team
Strategies for health
(S) medical interventions
(C) multi sectoral intervention
Rehabilitative
Restoring person with acute or chronic illness to a state of improved health
Curative
Health treatment of biological and psychological causes of symptoms of disease through medicine and other therapies
Preventative
Preventing and avoiding sickness in population and individuals