Unit 1 Flashcards
Who is the father of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
How did Wundt make psychology a science?
He dedicated a laboratory for it and conducted research
What was psychology’s first theoretical approach?
Structuralism
Who coined structuralism?
Edward Tichener
What is structuralism?
Looks at the mind’s different structures of consciousness through individual parts
How does structuralism study the mind?
Introspection
What is introspection?
Examination of one’s own conscious thoughts
Why is introspection difficult?
Most people can’t actively focus on more than one thing at a time
Who was the first American to earn a PhD in psychology in the US?
Stanley Hall
Who was the first president of the American Psychological Association?
Stanley Hall
Who opened the first psychology laboratory in the US?
Stanley Hall
What is Gestalt psychology?
Believes we cannot simply separate our conscious and perception into different parts; we need to look at it as a whole experience
Who wrote the first psychology textbook?
William James
Who created functionalism?
William James
What is functionalism?
Seeks to understand how mental and behavioral processes operate
What is the evolutionary approach?
Looks at how different traits are adaptations that have come from natural selection
What is natural selection?
The idea that traits that are superior in helping an organism survive will be passed on to the next generations
Who was the first woman president of the American Psychological Association?
Mary Whiton Calkins
Who was the recipient of the first female psychology PhD?
Margaret Floy Washburn
What is the psychodynamic approach?
Focuses on the unconscious
What is free association?
When a word or image triggers another idea, word, or picture inside our head
What is one major criticism of the psychodynamic approach?
Seeked to study something that is hidden and cannot be objectively studied
What is behaviorism?
Believes psychology should be an objective science that focuses on studying observable behaviors without referencing the mental processes
Who was regarded as the official founder of behaviorism?
John B. Watson
What is the sociocultural approach?
Analyzes a person’s experiences and influences in life to better understand how culture shapes us as individuals
What is the criticism of the sociocultural approach?
It’s difficult to study culture itself
What is humanistic psychology?
Emphasized our potential as humans to grow as individuals
What is the cognitive approach?
Focuses on how we as individuals interpret, process, and remember information
What is the biological approach?
Seeks to understand the links between our biological and psychological processes
What is the biopsychosocial approach?
Looks at how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors impact our health
