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BIOL 235 Anatomy and Physiology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A structure made up of two or more types of tissues that performs a specific set of functions is at what level of organization?
A. Chemical
B. Cellular
C. Tissue
D. Organ
E. System

A

D

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2
Q

Which of the following is ordered from least complex to most complex?
A. Cell-Tissue-Organ-System-Organism
B. Cell-Organ-Tissue-System-Organism
C. Cell-Organ-System-Tissue-Organism
D. Tissue-Cell-Organ-System-Organism
E. Tissue-Cell-System-Organ-Orgnaism

A

A

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3
Q

The development of specialized cells from unspecialized stem cells is a description of which of the following basic life processes
A. Metabolism
B. Movement
C. Growth
D. Differentiation
E. Reproduction

A

D

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4
Q

Cells are able to transport materials from one region of the cell to another just as the body is able to transport substances to different locations or skeletal muscles (working with your skeleton) can transport you from the sofa to the refrigerator. What basic life process is illustrated by this description?
A. Metabolism
B. Growth
C. Movement
D. Differentiation
E. Reproduction

A

C.

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5
Q

What is the role of the stretch-sensitive nerve cells in the cervix?
A. Receptors
B. Control Center
C. Effectors
D. Controlled Condition
E. Response

A

A

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6
Q

The homeostasis of the body is controlled through a series of steps called a feedback system or feedback loop. One component of such systems is a control center. Which of the following organs would frequently serve as the control center for a feed back system?
A. Skeletal muscles
B. Brain
C. Nerve endings in skin
D. Blood and lymph fluid
E. Sweat glands

A

B

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7
Q

Louisa is lying on her back on her bed looking up at the ceiling. What is her body position?
A. Prone
B. Anatomical position
C. Supine
D. Lateral
E. Medial

A

C

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8
Q

Which abdominopelvic quadrant contains the stomach?
A. Right lower
B. Left lower
C. Right Upper
D. Left Upper
E. None of these are the correct location of the stomach

A

D

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9
Q

Most of the body’s feedback systems are positive feedback systems.
A. True
B. False

A

B

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10
Q

The stomach and liver are contralateral.
A. True
B. False

A

A

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11
Q

What is the most abundant chemical element in the body?
A. Carbon
B. Hydrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Calcium
E. Phosphorous

A

C

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12
Q

Which of the following subatomic particles is represented by the atomic number?
A. Protons
B. Neutrons
C. Electrons
D. both protons and neutrons
E. Both neutrons and electrons

A

A

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13
Q

What type of chemical bond commonly forms between adjacent water molecules?
A. molecular bonds
B. polar ionic bonds
C. covalent bonds
D. hydrogen bonds
E. polar covalent bonds

A

D

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14
Q

Conversion of energy from one form to another usually releases ______, some of which is used to maintain normal temperature.
A. Activation energy
B. Potential energy
C. kinetic energy
D. sweat
E. Heat

A

E

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15
Q

Cells build new larger molecules from smaller molecules that are taken into the cell. What is the name of this chemical reaction?
A. Synthesis
B. Decomposition
C. Hydrolysis
D. Oxidation-reduction
E. Exchange reactions

A

A

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16
Q

Which of the following compounds would be hydrophobic in a solution with water?
A. Sodium chloride
B. inorganic bases
C. inorganic acids
D. oil
E. potassium chloride

A

D

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17
Q

A persons urine can be acidic. What does this indicate about how the body functions?
A. The kidneys role in regulating acid-base balance in the body-a homeostatic process
B. Since acidosis can seriously harm homeostasis, the body has ways to excrete compounds that would increase the acidity of body fluids
C. To maintain homeostasis, regulation of pH of body fluids is an important aspect of normal body functions
D. All of the statements are correct.
E. None of the statements are correct.

A

D.

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18
Q

Which major organic compound is used to make enzymes, structural molecules like collagen and nearly always has complex 3D structures?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Cholesterol
D. Proteins
E. Nucleic acids

A

D

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19
Q

What is the most common type of chemical bond in the body?
A. Ionic
B. Covalent
C. Hydrogen
D. Metallic
E. None of these.

A

B

20
Q

ATP is a compound used by the body to store chemical energy harvested from other metabolic processes, such as the breakdown of nutrients. This energy can be released to fuel other processes, such as the synthesis of other molecules. The usual way in which energy is released from ATP is by the hydrolysis of the last phosphate group in a chain of three phosphates.
A. True
B. False

A

A

21
Q

Which membrane proteins are involved with transport of molecules that otherwise would be unable to enter the cells?
A. linker proteins
B. glycoproteins
C. carrier proteins
D. peripheral proteins
E. Receptor proteins

A

C

22
Q

Sodium-potassium pumps are examples of what type of cellular transport?
A. primary active transport
B. secondary active transport
C. Transport in vesicles
D. facilitated diffusion
E. Hypertonic transport

A

A

23
Q

Why do mitochondria need the many folded inner membranes called the cristae?
A. these membranes are used to store replacement membrane for the mitochondrial surface
B. These membranes are the location for glycolysis in the cell
C. To provide a large surface area for the many embedded enzymes involved with aerobic metabolism
D. to provide a large surface area for detoxification of potentially harmful substances
E. to provide a large surface area for anerobic metabolism

A

C

24
Q

The nucleus of a cell contains one or more of these structures that are the site of production of ribosomes.
A. histones
B. nucleolus
C. chromatin
D. nucleosome
E. centrosome

A

B

25
Q

During the translation phase of protein synthesis, where would you find an anticodon?
A. on DNA strand
B. on mRNA strand
C. on the large subunit of the ribosome
D. on the small subunit of the ribosome
E. on the strand of tRNA

A

E

26
Q

Sister chromatids of a pair of homologous chromosomes form tetrads, and crossing-over in the tetra occurs during which phase?
A. mitotic prophase
B. meiotic prophase I
C. Mitotic metaphase
D. Meiotic metaphase I
E. Meiotic prophase II

A

B

27
Q

Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solution A has a higher concentration of solute than solution B. Solution B will exert more osmotic pressure on its side of the membrane.
A. True
B. False

A

B

28
Q

During translation, one mRNA molecule is usually read by more than one ribosome at a time so that several proteins can be synthesized at one time.
A. True
B. False

A

A

29
Q

This type of tissue can function as fat storage, pad out and bind an organ together, wrap skeletal muscles or transport substances.
A. epithelial tissue
B. connective tissue
C. Muscular tissue
D. Nervous tissue

A

B

30
Q

This type of junction contains tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons which allow the movement of ions and small molecules between cells. It is found between muscle cells of the heart and in organs with smooth muscle tissue such as the GI tract.
A. tight junctions
B. gap junctions
C. desmosomes
D. Hemidesmosomes
E. Adherens junctions

A

B

31
Q

In this type of cell junction,. the transmembrane proteins are integrins which anchor the cell to a basement membrane.
A. tight junctions
B. gap junctions
C. Desmosomes
D. Hemidesmosomes
E. Adherens junctions

A

D

32
Q

This tissue has an extensive extracellular matrix, usually has many blood vessels, and provides oxygen and nutrients to overlying tissues.
A. epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Muscular Tissue
D. Nervous tissue

A

B

33
Q

This type of epithelium has elastic properties. It is able to stretch and return to a less stretched condition. When stretched, the cells at the top flatten out and when relaxed they become rounded. What is this tissue?
A. Stratified squamous
B. Stratified Cuboidal
C. Stratified Columnar
D. Transitional
E. Pseudostratified columnar

A

D

34
Q

Mammary glands are classified as apocrine glands. Which gland is mammary glands?
A. Compound tubular
B. Compound acinar
C. Compound tubuloacinar

A

C

35
Q

Where are mesenchymal cells founds?
A. near the basement membranes of epithelial tissues
B. in the upper layer of stratified tissues
C. in embryonic connective tissues
D. in between the fibers of loose connective tissues
E. these cells give rise to muscle tissue

A

C

36
Q

Which of the following is not an epithelial membrane?
A. Mucous membrane
B. Serous membrane
C. Synovial membrane
D. Cutaneous membrane

A

C

37
Q

Collagen is one of the rarest proteins in the body.
A. True
B. False

A

B

38
Q

Each serous membrane is divided into a parietal layer and a visceral layer. The visceral layer is attached to and lines the wall of the body cavity.
A. True
B. False

A

B

39
Q

Which type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?
A. stratified cuboidal
B. Stratified columnar
C. Keratinized stratified cuboidal
D. keratinized stratified squamous
E. keratinized stratified columnar

A

D

40
Q

Which statement is not correct about the dermis?
A. it is made up of dense, irregular connective tissue
B. It is thinner in men than in women
C. it contains collagen and elastin fibers
D. it provides the blood supply and many sensory receptors for the pidermis
E. it has a smaller papillary layer and a thicker reticular layer.

A

B

41
Q

Which of the following would be found in the papillary layer but not the reticular layer of the dermis?
A. capillary loops
B. adipose cells
C. lamellated corpuscles
D. the root of hair follicles
E. sweat glands

A

A

42
Q

Thinner hair may be lacking what structural component of typical hair?
A. medulla
B. cortex
C. cuticle
D. root
E. follicle

A

A

43
Q

Actual nail growth occurs in the _____?
A. hyponychium
B. eponychium
C. lunula
D. nail root
E. nail matrix

A

E

44
Q

Which receptor would let a person know if there was an insect walking across a hair on their arm?
A. free nerve endings
B. Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells) and type I cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Merkel discs)
C. corpuscle of touch
D. root hair plexus
E. lamellated corpuscle

A

D

45
Q

Which features of the skin protect us against microbes such as bacteria?
A. the many layers of keratinized cells form a barrier against microbes
B. sebum contains compounds which kill bacteria
C. sweat has an acidic pH which suppresses microbial growth
D. Intraepidermal macrophages can alert the immune system should microbes invade
E. all of these are correct

A

E

46
Q

Dermal papillae give rise to a persons fingerprints and foot prints.
A. True
B. False

A

B

47
Q

Water soluble vitamins (B and C) can be easily absorbed through the skin, but absorption of fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E) is minimal.
A. True
B. False

A

B

BIOL 235 Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

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