Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 235 Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 5- Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system functions

A
  1. regulate body temp
    2.stores blood
  2. protection from external environment
  3. detects sensations
  4. excretes/absorbs
  5. synthesize vitamin D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

structure of skin

A

epidermis
dermis
SC layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epidermis

A

epithelial cells, thin, no blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dermis

A

irregular connective tissue, thicker, has blood vessels, collagen and elastic fibers-stretch and recoil easy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

SC layer

A

anchor point and contains lamellated corpuscles-sensitive to pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Epidermis cells

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
tactile epithelial
macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Keratinocytes

A

product keratin, fibrous protein (wet suit), 90%, protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

melanocytes

A

produce melanin (absorb UV, contribute to skin colour), 8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tactile epithelial

A

connects to tactile discs (detect touch), least amount, aka Merkel cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

macrophages

A

Langerhans cells, immune response, from RBM, against microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Skin layers

A

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stratum Basale

A

row of cuboidal keratinocytes/produce keratin/ protects from injury, attaches to hemidesmosome/melanocytes and tactile epithelial cells, stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

can still divide, produce more keratin, (desmosomes hold cells to one another), macrophages and melanocytes present, 8-10 layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

stratum germination

A

forming new cells or stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

stratum granulosum

A

cells undergo apoptosis, too far from basale layer (no nutrition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Keratohyalin

A

keratin filaments into keratin and inside cells are lamellar granules- release fat secretion into EFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stratum lucidum

A

found only in thick skin, clear/dead keratocytes cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

stratum corneum

A

flatten, dead keratocytes cells (no cell parts),

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Callus

A

thickening of SC layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dermis regions

A

Papillary region
Reticular region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

papillary region

A

closest to epidermis (collagen and elastic fibers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does the papillary region consists of?

A

dermal papillary
capillary loops
corpuscles of touch
free nerve ending dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

dermal papillary

A

small, nipple shaped, projects upwards, increases surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

capillary loops

A

found in dermal papillary, vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

corpuscles of touch

A

nerve ending, sensitive to touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

free nerve ending dendrites

A

warmth, itching, tickling, no structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

reticular region

A

extensibility (stretch), elasticity (original shape), attached to SC, fibroblasts & wandering cells, thick collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what does the reticular region of the dermis consist of?

A

blood vessels, nerves, sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, occupy spaces between fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

epidermal ridges

A

downward projection of the epidermis between dermal papillary and papillary region-fingerprints/footprints, unique to each person, increases surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

keratinization

A

cells move through epidermal layers, accumulate more and more keratin, then apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pigments of skin colour

A

melanin, hemoglobin, carotene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

melanin

A

product of melanocytes (everyone has same number), colour is how much is produced and transferred to keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

functions of melanin

A

absorb UV rays
prevent DNA damage to neighboring cells (like tiny umbrella)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

functions of hair

A

protects head from sun
decrease heat loss from head
protection from foreign particles
sensing light touch

35
Q

shaft of hair

A

projects above skin

36
Q

root of hair

A

deep in the dermis, deep to hair shaft

37
Q

hair-medulla

A

innermost, where pigment granules are

38
Q

hair-cortex

A

middle layer

39
Q

hair-cuticle

A

outer most layer; keratinized cells

40
Q

hair follicle

A

surrounds root, , epithelial root sheath and derma root sheath surrounds hair

41
Q

hair- bulb

A

base of hair follicle

42
Q

papilla of hair

A

part of bulb, vascular

43
Q

hair matrix

A

germinal layer of cell in bulb, hair growth

44
Q

arrector pili

A

smooth muscle, autonomic nerves cause contraction = goose bumps

45
Q

hair root plexus

A

branches of nerves (dendrites), generate impulse when shaft is move-feel touch

46
Q

sebaceous oil glands

A

simple branched acinar, connected to hair follicles/some locations open to surface (lips, penis, labia, eyes), secrete sebum

47
Q

sebum

A

mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins and inorganic salts

48
Q

sebum functions

A

coats hairs (prevents drying), regulates evaporation, keeps skin soft, bactericidal

49
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

sweat glands through hair follicles or pores on surface of skin

50
Q

types of sudoriferous glands

A

eccrine
apocrine

51
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

simple, coiled, tubular glands (more common), located in the deep dermis, mostly water, urea, ammonia, amino acids, glucose and lactic acid

52
Q

functions of eccrine glands

A

body temperature regulation (thermoregulation)-thermoregulatory sweating

53
Q

insensible perspiration

A

evaporates before it is perceived

54
Q

sensible perspiration

A

sees and feel nmoisture on skin

55
Q

emotional sweating

A

fear or embarassment

56
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

simple coiled tubular glands, have larger ducts, in armpit, groin, areolae, secretes via exocytosis and opens onto hair follicle, dont function until puberty, appears milky, (bacteria metabolize sweat-musky odor), emotional sweat/sexual activites

57
Q

ceruminous glands

A

produce cerumen, secrete on surface or into sebaceous glands, waterproof ear canal/protection, deep to sebaceous glands

58
Q

cerumen

A

earwax

59
Q

nails

A

tightly packed keratinized cells

60
Q

parts of the nail

A

nail body, free edge, nail root, lunula, eponychium, hyponychium, nail ned, nail matrix

61
Q

nail body

A

plate, visible portion of nail

62
Q

free edge

A

nail body that extends pass digit

63
Q

nail root

A

nail buried under skin

64
Q

lunula

A

proximal crescent shaped end

65
Q

eponychium

A

cuticle, epidermis that adheres to nail wall

66
Q

hyponychium

A

secures nail to fingertip (distal end)

67
Q

nail bed

A

below nail plate, no stratum granulosum

68
Q

nail matrix

A

proximal to nail root, contains dividing cells

69
Q

functions of nails

A

protect digits, support and counterpressure, grasp objects

70
Q

Thick skin locations

A

palms, digits, soles

71
Q

thickness of thick skin

A

0.6-4.5mm

72
Q

layers of thick skin

A

5 layers- lkucidum present, thicker strata spinosum and corneum
C, L, G, S,B (greatest friction occurs)

73
Q

what does and doesn’t thick skin have?

A

ridges are present, no hair, no oil glands, many sweat glands, denser sensory receptors

74
Q

location of thin skin

A

all other parts that don’t have thick skin

75
Q

thickness of thin skin

A

0.1mm-0.15mm-epidermal thickness

76
Q

layers of thin skin

A

4 layers- strtum lucidum lacking, thinner strata spinosum and corneum

77
Q

what does and doesn’t thin skin have?

A

no ridges-due to less developed and fewer dermal papillae), has hair, has oil glands, few sweat glands, sparse sensory receptors

78
Q

how does the integumentary system help with thermoregulation?

A

hot- sweating, dilating blood vessels near surface–>more blood flow
cold-sweat decreases, blood vessels constrict, less blood flow- conserve heat. skeleton muscles contract to produce heat (shivering)

79
Q

why is the skin a blood reservoir?

A

8-10% bv of dermis

80
Q

how does the integumentary system help with protection of the body?

A

lipids retard water, regulates evaporation, keeps skin/hairs from drying out, recognize and kill bacteria

81
Q

cutaneous sensation

A

tickle, vibration, pressure, temp, pain

82
Q

excretion and absorption

A

excretes sweat and absorbs topical medications etc.

83
Q

how does the skin synthesize vitamin D?

A

precursor molecules activated by UV rays–>enzyme in liver and kidneys use UV to make Calcitriol (active form of vitamin D)

BIOL 235 Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions