Unit 1

Question 1

What things involve scientific literacy?

Answer 1

1. Why does it matter
2. What do i know about this and where can i find more info on this topic
3. How does science back it up
4. Critical thinking

Question 2

Empirical research

Answer 2

Observing someone in a controlled careful way, observing the phenomenon.

Question 3

Deterministic research

Answer 3

A acts on B and creates C usually things are caused by another event. Cause and effect.

Question 4

4 kinds of temperaments

Answer 4

Sanguine, choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic

Question 5

What does sanguine represent?

Answer 5

Considered as blood. Impulsive, pleasure-seeking, charismatic.

Question 6

What does choleric represent?

Answer 6

Considered yellow bile. Ambitious, energetic, aggressive.

Question 7

What does melancholic represent?

Answer 7

Considered black bile. Independent, perfectionist, introverted.

Question 8

What does phlegmatic represent?

Answer 8

Considered phlegm. Quiet, relaxed, content.

Question 9

Dark ages

Answer 9

History of studying behaviour. Huge growth, not studying behaviour though other areas which have become crucial now. Physics, social studies, evolution, medicine.

Question 10

Materialism

Answer 10

Belief humans are only made of physical matter (not popular in 1600).

Question 11

Dualism

Answer 11

Parts of a human that are not physical, mind, soul. (More popular in 1600’s).

Question 12

Influences from physics

Answer 12

Gustav Fechner, psychophysics. Study between physical world and mental representation.
His study: gave participants 1lbs weight in right hand, 5lbs in other, would add 1/4lbs more on each and which one felt heavier, they said right.

Question 13

Influences from evolution theory

Answer 13

Charles Darwin, natural selection, genetically inherited traits that have better survival will get passed down inherently. Selected traits will differ from environments, also true with behaviour.

Question 14

Influences from medicine

Answer 14

Localizing brain function.
Phrenology, mental traits and dispositions can be determined by examining skull.
Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud.

Question 15

Phrenology discoveries

Answer 15

Paul Broca: left frontal lobe (Broca’s area), spoken language production.
Karl Wernicke: left hemisphere, language comprehension.
Phineas Gage: frontal lobe damage, impulsiveness, childlike he avoids.

Question 16

Influence of social studies

Answer 16

Sir Francis Galton, measured perception and statistical analysis study of behaviour, interested in individual differences in people. Nature vs nurture.
Incorrect theories still used to justify eugenic movement.

Question 17

Objectivity

Answer 17

Facts about the world

Question 18

Subjectivity

Answer 18

Influenced by ones beliefs, expectations, experiences.

Question 19

5 things you need for quality research.

Answer 19

1. Based on measurement: objective, valid, reliable.
2. Generalization
3. Techniques reduce bias
4. Made public
5. Can be replicated

Question 20

5 things that make poor scientific research

Answer 20

1. Untestable hypothesis
2. Anecdotal or relies on subjective experience
3. Biased selection of data
4. Appeals to authority
5. Makes appeals to common sense

Question 21

6 Descriptive research types

Answer 21

Qualitative research
Quantitive research
Case study
Naturalistic observation
Surveys and questionnaires

Question 22

Qualitative research

Answer 22

Examines an issue or behaviour without performing numerical measurements.

Question 23

Quantitative research

Answer 23

Examines issue/behaviour using numerical measurements and statistics.

Question 24

Naturalistic observation

Answer 24

Unobtrusively observing and recording behaviour as it occurs in nature.