Unit 1 Flashcards
What things involve scientific literacy?
- Why does it matter
- What do i know about this and where can i find more info on this topic
- How does science back it up
- Critical thinking
Empirical research
Observing someone in a controlled careful way, observing the phenomenon.
Deterministic research
A acts on B and creates C usually things are caused by another event. Cause and effect.
4 kinds of temperaments
Sanguine, choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic
What does sanguine represent?
Considered as blood. Impulsive, pleasure-seeking, charismatic.
What does choleric represent?
Considered yellow bile. Ambitious, energetic, aggressive.
What does melancholic represent?
Considered black bile. Independent, perfectionist, introverted.
What does phlegmatic represent?
Considered phlegm. Quiet, relaxed, content.
Dark ages
History of studying behaviour. Huge growth, not studying behaviour though other areas which have become crucial now. Physics, social studies, evolution, medicine.
Materialism
Belief humans are only made of physical matter (not popular in 1600).
Dualism
Parts of a human that are not physical, mind, soul. (More popular in 1600’s).
Influences from physics
Gustav Fechner, psychophysics. Study between physical world and mental representation.
His study: gave participants 1lbs weight in right hand, 5lbs in other, would add 1/4lbs more on each and which one felt heavier, they said right.
Influences from evolution theory
Charles Darwin, natural selection, genetically inherited traits that have better survival will get passed down inherently. Selected traits will differ from environments, also true with behaviour.
Influences from medicine
Localizing brain function.
Phrenology, mental traits and dispositions can be determined by examining skull.
Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud.
Phrenology discoveries
Paul Broca: left frontal lobe (Broca’s area), spoken language production.
Karl Wernicke: left hemisphere, language comprehension.
Phineas Gage: frontal lobe damage, impulsiveness, childlike he avoids.
Influence of social studies
Sir Francis Galton, measured perception and statistical analysis study of behaviour, interested in individual differences in people. Nature vs nurture.
Incorrect theories still used to justify eugenic movement.
Objectivity
Facts about the world
Subjectivity
Influenced by ones beliefs, expectations, experiences.
5 things you need for quality research.
- Based on measurement: objective, valid, reliable.
- Generalization
- Techniques reduce bias
- Made public
- Can be replicated
5 things that make poor scientific research
- Untestable hypothesis
- Anecdotal or relies on subjective experience
- Biased selection of data
- Appeals to authority
- Makes appeals to common sense
6 Descriptive research types
Qualitative research
Quantitive research
Case study
Naturalistic observation
Surveys and questionnaires
Qualitative research
Examines an issue or behaviour without performing numerical measurements.
Quantitative research
Examines issue/behaviour using numerical measurements and statistics.
Naturalistic observation
Unobtrusively observing and recording behaviour as it occurs in nature.
