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Biology grade 11 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

biodiversity

A

variety in creation/ variety of life

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2
Q

species

A

organisms that can breed freely with each other

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3
Q

hybridization

A

cross breeding two different species

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4
Q

morphology

A

physical characteristics/ appearance of an organism

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5
Q

genetic diversity

A

ability to have various genes among the same species/ genetic variability of an organism

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6
Q

structural diversity

A

range/ variety of physical shapes and sizes within a habitat

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7
Q

autotroph

A

uses sources of energy to produce nutrients from water, gases and/ or minerals

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8
Q

heterotroph

A

gets energy by eating organisms

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9
Q

taxonomy

A

the science of classifying organisms

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10
Q

eukaryotic

A

has a nucleaus

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11
Q

prokaryotic

A

no nucleus

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12
Q

viroid

A

a very small infections piece of RNA responsible for some serious diseases in plants

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13
Q

prions

A

are a protien that warps your protiens to be like them

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14
Q

bacteriophage

A

a virus that infects bacteria

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15
Q

virus

A

a small, infectious particle that contains genetic material within a capsule

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16
Q

capsid

A

a protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of a virus

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17
Q

RNA

A

the genetic material that provides instructions for synthesizing protein

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18
Q

epidemic

A

a large-scale outbreak of a disease that is confined to a limited geographic area

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19
Q

pandemic

A

a large - scale outbreak of a disease that occurs over a widespread geographic area

20
Q

lysis

A

the host cell ruptures and releases 100 to 200 new viruses into the host cell’s surroundings

21
Q

lysogeny

A

the condition in which viral DNA stays dormant, continuing to reproduce with a cell’s DNA but not separating from it

22
Q

transduction

A

gene transfer in which a virus transfers DNA from one bacterium to another

23
Q

rabies spreads by…

A

being bitten by infected animal

24
Q

HIV/AIDS spreads by…

A

exchange of bodily fluids

25
Q

Measles spreads by…

A

direct contact

26
Q

A common cold spreads by…

A

contact and can be airborne

27
Q

pathogens

A

infectious bacteria

28
Q

bacteria can cause diseases such as…

A

cholera, leprosy, typhoid fever, strep throat etc

29
Q

antibiotic

A

a substance that can kill or weaken micro-organisms; natural antibiotics are produced by bacteria or fungi, whereas synthetic antibiotics are manufactured

30
Q

how many bacteria do you have in your body?

A

up to 100 trillion

31
Q

how can bacteria be helpful?

A
  • fixing nitrogen
  • making vitamins K and B12
  • used for cheese, yogurt, soy sauce, and chocolate
  • antibiotics (eg: insulin)
32
Q

cocci

A

round bacterial cells

33
Q

bacilli

A

rod-shaped bacterial cells

34
Q

spirilli

A

spiral/corkscrew shaped bacterial cells

35
Q

diplo-

A

pairs

36
Q

strepto

A

clumps

37
Q

staphylo-

A

strings

38
Q

hyphae

A

long filaments sharing cytoplasm

39
Q

lichens

A

combination organism with a fungi and an algae

  • fungi does the structure and getting water
  • algae makes food by photosynthesis
40
Q

Mycorrhizae

A

fungi associated with tree roots

  • help absorb nutrients and water
  • get sugars from the tree
41
Q

leaf cutter ants and farmed fungi

A
  • ants provide food for the fungi

- ants eat off of it

42
Q

what are the seven levels of classification?

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

43
Q

cilia

A

tiny hairlike protein structures present on the surface of many cells, often found in large groups

44
Q

flagella

A

relatively long, fine, whiplike structures present on the surface of some cells, occur singly or in small groups

45
Q

pseudopodia

A

extensions of cell protoplasm; may be blunt or threadlike, from a branching network or be stiffened with and internal supporting system

46
Q

gram positive means…

A

purple/ the cell wall stained strongly

Biology grade 11 (2 decks)

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