Unit 1 Flashcards
biodiversity
variety in creation/ variety of life
species
organisms that can breed freely with each other
hybridization
cross breeding two different species
morphology
physical characteristics/ appearance of an organism
genetic diversity
ability to have various genes among the same species/ genetic variability of an organism
structural diversity
range/ variety of physical shapes and sizes within a habitat
autotroph
uses sources of energy to produce nutrients from water, gases and/ or minerals
heterotroph
gets energy by eating organisms
taxonomy
the science of classifying organisms
eukaryotic
has a nucleaus
prokaryotic
no nucleus
viroid
a very small infections piece of RNA responsible for some serious diseases in plants
prions
are a protien that warps your protiens to be like them
bacteriophage
a virus that infects bacteria
virus
a small, infectious particle that contains genetic material within a capsule
capsid
a protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of a virus
RNA
the genetic material that provides instructions for synthesizing protein
epidemic
a large-scale outbreak of a disease that is confined to a limited geographic area
pandemic
a large - scale outbreak of a disease that occurs over a widespread geographic area
lysis
the host cell ruptures and releases 100 to 200 new viruses into the host cell’s surroundings
lysogeny
the condition in which viral DNA stays dormant, continuing to reproduce with a cell’s DNA but not separating from it
transduction
gene transfer in which a virus transfers DNA from one bacterium to another
rabies spreads by…
being bitten by infected animal
HIV/AIDS spreads by…
exchange of bodily fluids
Measles spreads by…
direct contact
A common cold spreads by…
contact and can be airborne
pathogens
infectious bacteria
bacteria can cause diseases such as…
cholera, leprosy, typhoid fever, strep throat etc
antibiotic
a substance that can kill or weaken micro-organisms; natural antibiotics are produced by bacteria or fungi, whereas synthetic antibiotics are manufactured
how many bacteria do you have in your body?
up to 100 trillion
how can bacteria be helpful?
- fixing nitrogen
- making vitamins K and B12
- used for cheese, yogurt, soy sauce, and chocolate
- antibiotics (eg: insulin)
cocci
round bacterial cells
bacilli
rod-shaped bacterial cells
spirilli
spiral/corkscrew shaped bacterial cells
diplo-
pairs
strepto
clumps
staphylo-
strings
hyphae
long filaments sharing cytoplasm
lichens
combination organism with a fungi and an algae
- fungi does the structure and getting water
- algae makes food by photosynthesis
Mycorrhizae
fungi associated with tree roots
- help absorb nutrients and water
- get sugars from the tree
leaf cutter ants and farmed fungi
- ants provide food for the fungi
- ants eat off of it
what are the seven levels of classification?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
cilia
tiny hairlike protein structures present on the surface of many cells, often found in large groups
flagella
relatively long, fine, whiplike structures present on the surface of some cells, occur singly or in small groups
pseudopodia
extensions of cell protoplasm; may be blunt or threadlike, from a branching network or be stiffened with and internal supporting system
gram positive means…
purple/ the cell wall stained strongly
