Unit 1 Flashcards
Molecules that contain heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur usually have ___________
Aroma properties
6-carbon membered ring =
cyclohexane
Aromatic molecules are not necessarily aromatic, they need to have __________ bonds
conjugated double
T or F: Benzene is a 6-membered ring with 3 double bonds
T
alkene =
alkyne =
double bonds
triple bonds
Elimination reactions will form a _______ bond
double
Oxidation reaction is when the reaction _________ the oxygen content
increases
Flavor chemistry includes 4 things:
1) synthesis
2) formation
3) food applications
4) analysis
T or F: Nose is not the only way to absorb volatile compounds
T
Name the 3 aspects of a flavor sensation:
1) Odor (low or high boiling compounds with odor effects)
2) Taste (non-volatile compounds with taste sensation)
3) Chemesthesis (non-volatile compounds that cause hot or cold sensations or textile effects)
T or F: Odor is the first thing we observe about the food, sense the volatile compounds that are emitting from thee food (aroma chemicals)
T
Smell and taste are __________ senses
chemical
Hot and cold sensations are sensed with the ___________ in our mouth, pungent, hot, cool; trigeminal senses
nerve endings
Aromatic chemicals are drawn up the nose in a stream of inhaled air to the ________________
olfactory neurons
These mucus-bathed neurons are tipped with frondlike cilia that carry receptors for odor molecules:
olfactory neurons
When molecules bind to their specific receptors, messages are sent along the neurons to the ________________ at the brain’s base and these to various obtain regions for interpretation
olfactory bulb
What we think of as taste is actually a combination of _______ and ______
taste and smell
Each taste buds has many taste _____
cells
Aroma volatiles entering through the nose = orthonasal pathway to olfactory bulb same destination as the volatiles emitted in our our mouth (retronasal):
receptors located in the olfactory bulb
The sensation elicited depends on the ___________ present on the molecule
functional groups
The map of the different types of tastes is _______. Any taste bud will capture any taste molecule if the molecule (shape, etc) can bind to the taste bud
no longer valid
T or F: Olfactory neurons are the only neurons exposed to the outside environment (olfactory bulb), important to smell food, danger, etc
T
T or F: Only 1-2% of these aromas will bind to receptors
T
More than _____ types of neurons in reality, each type occurs in a section of the brain called __________
300
glomerulus/glomeruli