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Government > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. Government flashcards U.S. Government Basics flashcards American Government 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies

A

government

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2
Q

how a government is run. how society decides power and resources will be distributed.

A

politics

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3
Q

body of fundamental laws setting out principles, structures, and processes of a government

A

constitution

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4
Q

supreme authority rests with the people

A

democracy

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5
Q

citizens elect representatives to govern on their behalf

A

republic

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6
Q

use when referring to the government of another country

A

state

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7
Q

who did the founding fathers look to when creating the declaration of independence?

A

European enlightenment thinkers

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8
Q

influences on us government?

A 
rome
greece
thomas hobbes
john locke
montesquieu
rousseau
machiavelli
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9
Q

what ancient city had the first democracy?

A

ancient greece; athens

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10
Q

who did the assembly consist of?

A

citizens who were male, born in athens, were landowners, and 18 years of age

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11
Q

where did they debate public issues and made laws. Where were decisions based on majority rule and had a council of 500 people?

A

ancient greece

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12
Q

what did plato of ancient greece promote?

A

he promoted the collected good of all citizens

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13
Q

what did aristotle write to provide order and rights for the people?

A

he wrote a constitution

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14
Q

what type of government did ancient rome have?

A

they had a republic.

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15
Q

why did ancient rome have a republic government

A

they had a republic government because everyone was so far apart and could not meet. they had a republic so that every region could have representation

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16
Q

which ancient city had citizens elect representatives to govern and make laws on their behalf? where did they have their rules?

A

ancient rome. they had their rules in a constitution

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17
Q

what ancient city had a limited government with checks and balances? where they had 2 consuls for limited terms. where they could veto laws. have an assembly and vote on major issues?

A

ancient rome

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18
Q

what were the 12 tablets of ancient Rome?

A

it is where leaders carved romes most important laws into 12 great tablets. it is the first roman laws put into writing. guaranteed every citizens equals treatment under the law.

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19
Q

how did ancient rome affect us gov?

A

they are a republic and equality under the law

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20
Q

what was the enlightenment

A

it was a movement in europe. it started due to the absolute monarchs. it was known as the age of reason. people challenged tradition and tried to solve socieity’s problems with science

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21
Q

who believed that all people are naturally selfish, greedy, and cruel?

A

thomas hobbes

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22
Q

how did people live before governments

A

they lived in a state of anarchy. it was everyone for themselves. people lived in a state of nature. there were no laws and there was constant warfare.

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23
Q

what book did thomas hobbes write?

A

he wrote the leviathan or known as his social contract.

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24
Q

what did hobbes write in his social contract?

A

agreement among the people, people give up their natural rights of equality and freedom and give absolute power to a king who will provide order, and people do not have the right to overthrow, replace, question the government

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25
Q

what type of government did hobbes support.

A

he supported an absolute monarch who would make and enforce laws to secure a peaceful society.

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26
Q

what was hobbes impact on the us government

A

that later political thinkers look on hobbes ideas- especially social contract, will change focus from monarchy to democracy, notion that gov exists to provide protection and order.

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27
Q

what did john locke write

A

the two treatises of government.

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28
Q

what did john locke believe in people

A

he believed that all people have natural rights- life, liberty, and property. CHALLENGED DIVIDE RIGHT OF KINGS

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29
Q

govts only hold power only with the consent of the governed

A

popular sovergity

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30
Q

what did locke believe was the peoples rights if the government did not respect their rights

A

he believed the people had the right of revolution

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31
Q

what type of gov did locke like

A

he thought the best form of government had limited power and was accepted by all citizens. rejected absolute monarchs

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32
Q

what did lockes social contract theory state

A

people give up some rights and accept a powerful governing authority that protects their natural rights, if a government fails to protect citizens have right to revolution, agreement between people and the ruler/ gov

33
Q

where is lockes natural rights theory in the declaration of independence and one bullet point

A

“that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creater with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

-everyone has natural rights from earth. no one can take them away

34
Q

where is lockes social contract theory in the doi and one bullet point

A

“that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed”

-the gov will protect you. the people have to give up some rights tho

35
Q

where is lockes right of revolution theory in the doi and one bullet point

A

“that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government”

-if gov doesn’t protect the people, the people can revolt

36
Q

what book did montesquieu write

A

the spirit of the laws

37
Q

how did montesquieu believe authority should be

A

that it should be divided into 3 branches.

38
Q

what was montesquieus goal

A

protect natural rights and the common good by preventing one group or person from gaining too much power

39
Q

what was montesquieus method to protect natural rights

A

he believed seperation of powers and checks and balances would be the best way to protect natural rights.

40
Q

what was montesquieus influence on us gov

A

seperation of powers, 3 branches of gov, limited government

41
Q

what was rousseau

A

he was an idealist

42
Q

what did rousseau believe all people were

A

he believed that all people were natually good. he thinks we should put the community first

43
Q

what type of gov did rousseau believe in

A

direct democracy

44
Q

what was stated in rousseaus social contract theory

A

people give up some freedom to the community, people make the laws and are soverign, laws are based on the general will for the public good

45
Q

what type of government did rousseau like

A

he liked a limited government with only a legislative power. composed of officials who got their orders from the people

46
Q

what was rousseaus impact on the us gov

A

limited government, popular sovereignty, popular government, and ,majority rule

47
Q

what form of government did machiavelli believe in

A

republicanism

48
Q

what did machiavelli believe about ordinary citizens

A

that they could be trusted to promote liberty and the public good.

49
Q

what were machiavellis 6 types of government

A

monarchy—>tyranny
aristocracy—>oligarchy
democracy—>anarchy

50
Q

what did machiavelli believe about the 6 types of gov

A

that they are all bad on their own, that power corrupts

51
Q

what was machiavellis solution to best serve the common good and so one of these types of government will not fall

A

to have a mixed government. Monarchy+aristocracy+democacy= republic
they serve as checks to make sure one doesn’t abuse its power

52
Q

what was machiavellis influence on the us gov

A

republic state of gov
balances among three branches of gov
monarchy+ aristocracy+ democracy OR executive+ congress(legislative)+ people(voting)

53
Q

what is the ability to take or prevent action, the ability to achieve a desired end

A

power

54
Q

what are the three branches and what do they each do

A

legislative–> make laws
executive—-> enforce laws
judicial—-> interpret laws

55
Q

what is anything a gov does

A

a public policy

56
Q

what type of government is where all power belongs to a single, central agency and where members can only handle matters the strong central gov assigns them

A

unitary

57
Q

what type of government is where power is divided between a central/national gov and local govs

A

federal

58
Q

what type of government is an alliance of independent states. central gov is weak

A

confederation

59
Q

what is when a gov in which the leader has absolute power and authority and is not held responsible for the will of the people

A

dictatorship

60
Q

what is the gov in which supreme authority rests with the people. impossible at a national level

A

democracy

61
Q

what type of gov is where citizens vote for representatives that make decisions for the people and express popular will. the people are soverign.

A

republic

62
Q

what type of government was more efficient. dictatorship or democracy

A

dictatorship because it is one person making quick decisions

63
Q

what type of government promoted the common good. dictatorship or democracy

A

democracy because it is a big decision with helping lots of people. It is slower

64
Q

what type of gov is the us?

A

federal and democracy

65
Q

what did the magna carta do

A

in 1215 it limited the power of king john because he abused his power. it also guaranteed people rights like trial by jury, and no tax without rep. foundation for rule of law.

66
Q

what did the petition of right do

A

punishment only given by judgement of others, cannot use martial law in times of peace, cannot force to pay taxes

67
Q

what was the english bill of rights

A

list of liberties and protections held by citizens, prevent abuse of power, ENSURED SUPERIORTIY OF PARLIAMENT OVER MONARCH

68
Q

what happened to england because of the English bill of rights

A

england becomes a limited monarch

69
Q

what was the declaration of independence

A

it was written in 1776 to delcare their freedom from British rule.

70
Q

what were the 4 sections of the declaration of independence

A

introduction, preamble, list of grievances, and formal declaration of independence

71
Q

what were the grievances in the doi

A

lists the 27 complaints against king george and proof of the right to rebellion

72
Q

what is a group of states united under a weak central government

A

confederation

73
Q

what were the articles of confederation

A

it was a government before the us gov we have today. they did not want a gov similar to britian, so they made a nation of loosely independent states linked together by a single congress

74
Q

the state govs of the aoc

A

stronger then central gov
taxation
created a state court system
all powers not delegated to the national gov

75
Q

the national gov of the aoc

A 
limited powers
declare war
treaties and alliances
settle disputes between states
requests money( no power to collect money)
coin money
76
Q

structual weakness of aoc

A 
weak centralized gov
no court system
no executive branch
9 of 13 to pass laws
13 of 13 to amend aoc
77
Q

monetary weakness of aoc

A

cant impose or collect taxes
no national currency
no power to regulate trade

78
Q

military weakness of aoc

A

lacked power to raise an army

79
Q

outcome of aoc

A 
us in 1781:
economic crisis
could not pay of debt from war
could not protect peace
shays rebellion
state conflicts
weak in foreign affairs
nothing accomplished

Government (5 decks)

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